Big Idea I: Structure Relates Function
Big Idea II: Energy is Stored Used and Transformed
Big Idea III: Genetic Information is Transmitted Through Generations and Expressed in a Regulated Manner
11D. Replication
Eukaryotes
Strands Separated at ORI Sequence
Strands Do Not Latch Back Together
RNA Primer placed down
DNA Nucleotides laid down
Strand continues
RNA Primers Removed
links Okazaki fragments
Strands run Anti-Parallel
Have 100s of ORI Sequences
Prokaryotes
have only one ORI sequence
12F. Transcription/Translation
Eukaryotes
Transcription
Where?
Nucleus
Produces
Pre-mRNA
RNA Processing
mature mRNA
Spliceosomes
5' CAP
poly A tail
transcription factors
Translation
When?
after transcription
Prokaryotes
Transcription
Where?
Cytoplasm
Produces
mature mRNA
Translation
When?
during transcription
contains Ribosome Binding Site
contains terminator sequence
8C. ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
Structure
Ribose
Adenine
3 Phosphate Groups
Hydrolysis
+ H2O
yields ENERGY
- phosphate
Uses
Chemical Work
Exergonic Process
Endergonic Process
synthesis of amino acid
*need a phosphorylated intermediate
Transport work
phosphorylation of protein
Mechanical work
binding to motor proteins - ATP hydrolyzed
9A. Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Glucose
2 Pyruvate
ATP
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
NADH
Oxidation of Pyruvate
2 AcetylCoa
NADH
Kreb's Cycle
FADH2
NADH
ATP
ETC
Chemiosmosis
ATP
H2O
(3A) Biological Molecules
Carbohydrates
Complex Sugars
Glucose
5 Carbon
C6H12O6
Polysaccharides
Starch
Energy/Plant
Alpha Glucose
Amylose
Amylopectin
Glycogen
Energy/Animal
Cellulose
Structure/Plant
Beta Glucose
Proteins
Polypeptide Chains
Amino Acids
Polar
OH, SH, NH
NonPolar
CH3
Basic
+
Acidic
-
Structure
Primary
Sequence of Amino Acids
Secondary
Alpha Helix
Beta Pleated Sheets
Tertiary
Disulfide Bridges - Folding
Quaternary
Final Coiled Protein
Hydrophobic
Ionic
Hydrogen
Nucleic Acids
DNA
Purines
Adenine
Guanine
Pyrimidines
Cytosine
Thymine
RNA
Types
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
Uracil - no thymine
Lipids
Tryglyceride
Glycerol
3 Fatty Acids
Saturated
Unsaturated
Cis
H bond above
Trans
H bond below
Phospholipids
Hydrophilic Heads
Hydrophobic Tails
Steroids
5 Rings - Cholesterol
Sex Hormones
Vitamin D
Plasma Membrane
forms bilayer in aqueous solution
5D. Polypeptide Synthesis
Free Ribosomes
Cytosol
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Nucleus
Choloroplast
Etc, outside of endomembrane system
Bound Ribosomes
Endomembrane System
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Signal Regocgnition particle
Signal Peptide (End of synthesized peptide -during transcription)
Receptor Protein
Synthesis Continues in ER Lumen Membrane
Signal Peptide Removed
protein can now enter
Vesicles
part of cytoskeleton
aid in cell motility
powered by motor proteins
which attach to microtubules or filaments
Golgi Apparatus
modify the protein
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Plasma Membrane
for secretion
REDUCTION
Oxidation
Electron Carrier
Made Of
Kinks
drives an
Long Hydrocarbon Chains
bonds break by
yielding
DNA Pol III
Branched
Leading Strand
binds to
which binds to the
SRP is removed, and
Protein released in ER
SSB
To enter the E.R.
ALWAYS 5' - 3'
Lagging Strand
Helicase
Dehydration Synthesis
Primase
Proteins synthesized here are made in cytosol and go to these locations.
traveling through
Made Of
Ester
DNA Pol 1
Ligase
coupled
energy coupling
managed by
Made of
Nucleotides
Phosphate
5 Carbon Sugar
Nitrogen Base