Chapter 23

Innovations in the 3 primary areas

New means of harnessing energy

New inventions

New ways of of more productively organizing human labor

Advances

Fossil fuels

Coal

Steam engines

Mechanized systems

Transportation

Communications

Origins

From agriculture to industry

People used to know everybody

Joseph Banks

Herzen

Steam Engine

James Watt

Capitalism

Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith

Division of labor

Textile Industry

From hand made to mechanized

Global Dimensions

Market industrial capitalism

Transportation & communication

Railroads

efficient

less expensive

heavy goods

People

Steamship

Suez Canal

Telegraph

Militar tactical advantage

Indian deindustrialization

Raw materials are faster

Similar in Northamerica and Eqypt

Marx

Dissection of capitalism

Explanation of the inevitable socialist revolution

Hegel

Thesis-antithesis--synthesis

French rev

Bourgesie

Capitalism

overproduction

Crysis

Owners vs proletariat

The socialist International

No nationalism

Solidarity between proletariats

Darwin

Natural selection drives evolution

Natural history

Herzen

Liberalism

Open-mind accept need for social and political reform

Freedom

Conscience

Trade

Protection of property rights

Limitation to government and church

Britain

Socialism

France and Germany

Collectivization of property and realization of social equality

Romanticism

Germany

Emotional intensity and authenticity over racionalism

Nationalism

Develop

Culture and history

Bring together or separate in groups

Victorian Britain

Dominated by

Conservatives

Change

French Rev. Excesses

Tariffs

Unemployment in returning soldiers

low wages

Unhealthy places

Poor and middle class

No vote

Church

assert spiritual

Charitable organizations

Cure bad

Utilitarianism

Judge by utility

Studies

Raise wages

Take away old restrictions

More profitability

Reform Bill of 1832

distribute seats in parliament with the growth of cities

Reduce property requirements

Consequences

Free trade

Mill

Individual freedom

France

Reject Bourbons

Louis Philippe

Bourgeois King

Abdicate

Louis Blanc

Private property inefficient

Cooperate

Famous among poor and unemployed

Louis Napoleon

Emperor, authoritarian

Respected the rule of law and basic civil liberties

Appealed to French nationalism

The Habsburg Monarchy

Monarchy

Protests inspired by french rev

Reduce their possesions

The Unification of Italy

Based on

Language

culture

History

North

Industrial

South

Catholic conservatives

Garibaldi

Completed unification

Monarchy

Military capacities

Germany

Revolutionary impulse

Unified Germany

Frankfurt Assembly

Creation of a constitution

Bismarck

Military victories

Nationalism

Faster growing econmy