Chemistry Study

Ionic

Metal + Non-metal+ (ide)

Metal Ions

Use roman numerals

eg. Nickle (II) chloride

Special Cases

Iron

Ferr[ous(2+)]/[ic(3+))

Copper

Cupr[ous(+)]/[ic(2+)]

Tin

Stann[ous(2+)]/[ic(4+)]

Lead

Plumb[ous(2+)]/[ic(4+)]

Gold

Aur[ous(1+)]/[ic(3+)]

Polyatomic Ions

Oxyanions

1

Hypo-

2

-ite

3

-ate

4

per-x-ate

Others

Covalent

(#)Nonmetal + (#)Nonmetal

1

Mono-

Leave out for first element

2

Di-

3

Tri-

4

Tetr(a)-

5

Pent(a)-

6

Hex(a)-

7

Sept(a)-

8

Oct(a)-

9

Non(a)-

10

Dec(a)-

Acids

PH Scale

0-Max of conventional acids

7-Neutral

14-Max of conventional bases

Negative logarithm of 10 of hydrogen ions

Acids

Binary Acids

H-X

Oxyacids

H-X-O

Organic Base

Lactic acid.

Acetic acid.

Formic acid.

Citric

Bases

Hydroxide Base

X-OH

Carbonate Base

X-CO3

Chemical Indicaters

Bromethyl Blue

Yellow in Acid

Methyl Orange

Redder in Acid

Red Litmus Paper

Red in acid, blue in base

Blue Litmus Paper

Red in acid, blue in base

Cabbage Juice

Red to blue in base

Penothalyn

Clear to pink in base

Universal Indicater

Red acidic - Green Neutral - Purple Basic

g

Gas

l

Liquid

s

Solid

aq

Aqueous (solution suspended in H2O)

Capitalise only first letter in element

Separating Funnel

Sepa

Chromatography

Subtopic

Centrifugation

Subtopic

Simple Distillation

Subtopic

Fractional Distillation

Subtopic

Subtopic

Pure

Elements

Diatomic

H + 3 block upside-down L

Types

Row 1 - Hydrogen: Alkalies

Row 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

Subtopic

Compounds

Ionic

Share electron

Metal + Non-metal

Covalent

Steal Electron

Non-metal + Non-metal

Mixtures

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Solution (aq)

Subtopic

Alloy (s)

Subtopic

Colloid

Subtopic

Basic

Elements should add up

Redox

Electrons should add up

Hydrogen first, oxygens last

Synthesis

a + b= ab

Decomposition

ab + energy = a + b

Single Displacement

Check reactivity table

Only higher reactivity can displace

Check solubility table

a + bc = b + ac

Double Displacement

Check solubility table

ab + cd = ad + cb

Acid - Base

Ha+bOH = AB + H2O

Subtopic

Total combustion

Subtopic

Acids

aq