Energy Of River

Roughness of Chennel

The fristion cauesd by the obstacles reduces the speed of the river flow therefore a river with smoother chennel will have a higher speed than a river with a rougher chennel.

Wetted Perimeter

The shape of the river chennel affects the wetted perimeter , which is the length and breadth of the cennel in contact with rivers' water.The larger the perimeter the more the water comes in contact with the chennel.

Gradient of Chennel.

If the gradient is steep , the rver will flow quickly. On the other hand , if the gradient is gentle , the river will tend to flow slowly.

Size of drainage Basin

The bigger the drainage area , the greater will be the amount of water in a river because when the drainage area is large , there is more surface area for rain to fall on

Subtopic

Presence of Vegetation

abundunt vegetation allows more rainwater to infiltrate the ground thereby reducing the flow of surface runoff. As a result, less surface runoff flows into the river and the voleme of water in the river is smaller.

Permeability of rocks

high tendency for rain falling on to an area with permeable rocks to seep into the ground results in less surface runoff.

Climate

Climate of the area in which a river flows can also affect the volumeof water in its chennel.Ares with distinct wet and dry seasons , the amount of water in the chennel fluctuates according to the amoun of rainfall received during each seasons.