How Our Organ Systems Interact

Careers

Gastroenterologists

Food Enters Mouth

Mechanical Digestion

Teeth

Physically Breaks Food

Tongue Forms Food Into Bolus

Bolus Gets Swallowed

Epiglottis in Closed Position

Prevents

Food Entering Trachea

Enters Esophagus

Peristalsis

Moves Food Down

Food Enters Stomach

Mechanical Digestion

Covers Food

With Gastric Acid

Chemical Digestion Occurs

Results in Chyme

Chyme Enters Small Intestine

Absorption

Lining of Small Intestine

Villi

Microvilli

Absorb Nutrients

Transport Through Capillaries

Supplies Organs

Provides Energy

Large Intestine

Contains Many Bacteria

Reabsorbs Water

Feces

Undigested Contents

Bacteria

Mechanical Digestion

Peristalsis

Moves Chyme

Chemical Digestion

Biochemicals

Enzymes

Released From Other Organs

Gallbladder

Subtopic

Pancreas

Small Intestine

Three Parts

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Gastric Acid

Pepsin (Enzyme)

HCL

Stomach

Covered In Mucus

Acid Doesn't Penentrate

Sphincter

Prevents Backflow

Chemical Digestion

Saliva

Enzymes

Breakdown Biomolecules

Disorders

Inflamatory Bowel Disease

Symptoms

Diarrhea

Abdominal Pain

Weight Loss

Fatigue

Treatments

Surgery

Amino salicylates

Corticosteroids

Immunomodulators

Careers

Neurologist

Central Nervous System

Spinal Cord

Bundle of Nerves

Connects Brain to Other Parts of Body

Brain

Neurons

Irreplaceable

Found in:

Brain

Spinal Cord

Nerves

Dendrites

Receive Signals

Convey Information

Cell Body

Cell Body

Regulates Cell Function

Axon

Sends Signals

Away From Cell Body

To Other Cells

Myelin Sheath

Protects Axon

Peripheral Nervous System

Nerves

Sensory Division

Picks up Sensory Stimuli

Motor Division

Send Directions From Brain

Somatic

Voluntary

Controls Skeletal Movement

Arms, Legs, Etc

Autonomic

Involuntary

Responsible for Involuntary Functions

Heart Beating

Lungs Breathing

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Disorders

Alzheimer's Disease

Treatments

Medication

Namenda

N-methyl D-aspartate

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Symptoms

Memory Loss

Poor Judgement

Taking Longer to Complete Tasks

Disorders

Lung Cancer

Treatments

Surgery

Immunotherapy

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

Symptoms

Coughing Blood

Persistent Cough

Breathlessness

Chest Infections

Pneumonia

Treatments

Antibiotics

Rest

Symptoms

Cough

Fever

Rapid Breathing

Nausea and Vomiting

Lungs

Diaphram

Air is Inhaled

Passes Through Pharynx

Epiglottis Pointed Upwards

Allows

Air Entering Trachea

Enters Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Enters Alveolar Sac

Diffusion Occurs

Carbon Dioxide Enters Lungs

CO2 is Exhaled

Oxygen Enters Blood

Surrounded By Capillaries

Cellular Respiration

Careers

Respiratory Therapist

Oncologist

Disorders

Coronary Artery Disease

Treatments

Lifestyle Changes

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Symptoms

Chest Pain

Weakness

Shortness of Breath

Discomfort in Arms and Shoulder

Heart

De-oxygenated Blood Enters Heart

Blood Travels

Pulmonary Artery

To Lungs

Releases Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Blood is Oxygenated

Re-Enters Heart

Travels to Aorta

Pumped Throughout Body

Delivered to Organs

Blood

Transports Nutrients and Gases

Veins

Carry De-oxygenated Blood

Towards Heart

Arteries

Carry Oxygenated Blood

Away From Heart

Capillaries

Deliver Oxygen

Organs

Tissue

Take Carbon Dioxide

Helps With Homeostasis

Careers

Cardiologist

Disorders

Osteoporosis

Treatments

Medication

Alendronate

Risedronate

Ibandronate

Zoledronic acid

Symptoms

Back Pain

Loss of Height

Stooped Posture

Skeletal System

Cartilage

Specialized Cells and Collagen

Provides Support Between Bones

Ligaments

Tough and Elastic

Fibers of Collagen

Allow Joints to Move

Connect Bones Together

Bones

Bone Marrow

Red Bone Marrow

Produces Blood Cells

Yellow Bone Marrow

Stores Energy as Fat

Hard and Dense

Cells

Collagen

Minerals

Two Types

Axial

Provide Skeletal Support

Example: Rib Cage, Skull, Etc

Appendicular

Help us Move

Supports Body

Protects Our Organs

Muscle System

Allows For Movement

Cardiac Muscle

Striated

Muscle Found in Heart

Involuntary

Usually One Nucleus

Gap Junctions

Contracts and Relaxes Simultaneously

Pumps Blood

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary

One Nucleus

Not Striated

Found In Organs

Move Substances Across Body

Example: Digestive Tract

Skeletal Muscle

Striated

Voluntary

Contracts and Relaxes

Allow us to Move

Multinucleated

Bundles of Fibres

Careers

Orthopedist

Musculoskeletal Physician