JOINTS

SYNATHROSES(IMMOVABLE)

Sutures

Syndesmoses

AMPHIATHROSES(SLIGHTLY MOVABLE)

Synchondroses

symphyses

DIATHROSES(FREELY MOVABLE)

Gliding (plane; arthrodial)

Hinge (ginglymus)

Pivot (screw; trochoid)

Condyloid (ovoid; ellipsoidal)

Saddle (sellar)

Ball & socket (spherroidal)

SYNATHROSES

these fibrous joints can attenuate force (absorb shock) but permit little or no movement of the articulating bones.

AMPHIATHROSES

cartilaginous joint attenuate applied forces & permit more motion of the adjoining bones than synarthrodial joint.

DIATHROSES

the articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage (protective layer of dense white connective tissue covering the articulating surfaces), an articular capsule (double-layered membrane that surrounds every synovial joint), and synovial fluid (clear, slightly yellow liquid that provides lubrication inside the articular capsule at synovial joint)

DISLOCATION

BURSITIS

ARHTRITIS

RHEUMATOD ARHTRITIS

OSTEOARHTRITIS

MEASURING JOINT RANGE AND MOTION

Measured directionally in units of degrees.

ROM for flexion is therefore considered to be the size of the angle through which the extended extremities moves from zero degrees to the point of maximum flexion.

DEVICES USE FOR MEASURING JOINT RANGE AND MOTION

GONIOMETER

ELECTROGONIOMETER

LEIGHTON FLEXOMETER