personality approches

We increase the behavior that lead to positive consequences and we decrease the behaviors that lead to negative consequences

personality develops over our entire life, not only in th first few years. Our responses can change over new situations therefore we can expect more variavility over time in personality than Freud would anticipate.

Behaviorism is concerned primarily with theobservable and measurable aspects of human behavior. Therefore when behaviorsbecome unacceptable, they can be unlearned.

Social learning theory (Albert Bandura) posits that learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement.

His work

He studied people who he consider to be healthy creative and productive. He found that they had similar characteristics such as being open, creative, loving, spontaneous and concerned for others and accepting of themselves

He said that for a person to grow they need an enviroment that provides them with genuineness and empathy.

emphasizes the personal worth of the individual, the centrality of human values, and the creative, active nature of human beings. The approach is optimistic and focuses on the noble human capacity to overcome hardship, pain and despair.

Conflicts among these three structures, and our efforts to find balance among what each of them “desires,” determines how we behave and approach the world.

He believed taht the ego seeks to rstore balance through various protective measures known as defense mechanisms

denial, displacement, projection, reaction formation, regression,repression, rationalization, sublimation.

which are the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages.

In describing human personality development as psychosexual Freud meant to convey that what develops is the way in which sexual energy of the id accumulates and is discharged as we mature biologically. (NB Freud used the term 'sexual' in a very general way to mean all pleasurable actions and thoughts).

from 1979 to 1999

350 pairs of twins were separated and raised unaware of their siblings

identical twins have similar personality and physiological traits weather they were

temperaments

start developing early in our lives and there are three types, easy difficult and slow to warm up, to identify it when we are babies.

body type and temperament

ectomorph

mesomorph

endomorph

Literary Work

personality is shaped by both genetic and eviromental factors . culture in wich we live is one of the most important enviromental factors that shapes our personality

conscientiousness, neuroticism, poenness, extroversion and agreeableness, these help to determine a countrys personality differences

first approach is the cultural comparative.

the second is the indigenous

the third is the combined aproach

The theories are based on the role of uncounscious anxiety and she divided them in 3 coping styles

-moving towards, -moving agoinst people - moving away from people

complejo de inferioridad

For some people, the sense of inferiority serves as a positive motivating factor, as they strive to improve themselves in an effort to neutralize the negative feelings of inferiority. Some, however, become dominated—and, as a result, crippled—by an overwhelming sense of inadequacy.

Analytical psychology is not working to balance opposing forces of unconsious thought and experience within one´s personality

He prpposed to attitudes or approaches to work life extroversion and introversion. This ideas are considered his most important contributions to the field of psychology

Erikson later proposed a psychosocial theory of development, suggesting that an individual’s personality develops throughout the lifespan—a departure from Freud’s view that personality is fixed in early life.

Erikson emphasized the social relationships that are important at each stage of personality development, in contrast to Freud’s emphasis on sex. Erikson identified eight stages, each of which represents a conflict or developmental task. The development of a healthy personality and a sense of competence depend on the successful completion of each task.

stages

Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust.
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt.
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority.
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion.
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation.
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation.
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair.