and the particles undergo
are needed to
so
which allows its particles to
but the molecules are
until the substance has enough energy to
large enough to allow the particles to
to determine
meaning
instead
referring to the substance's
is enough to
that means
and since
and the substance is
meaning
referring to what's called a
is required
which means
creating
as
where
where
followed lastly by
where
followed by
where
followed by
where
followed by
which describes
which starts with
which can be understood looking at a
are
this leads to
this leads to
this leads to
referring to the substance's
this leads to
which makes
this leads to

Physical changes

changes of states

heating curve

the solid phase

the melting phase

the liquid phase

the boiling phase

the gas phase

as more heat is added to the substance

as more heat is added to the substance

as more heat is added to the substance

as more heat is added to the substance

as more heat is added to the substance

phase transitions a substance undergoes

heat (thermal energy in motion) is added

particles move very quickly

many collisions with each other

only a small amount of heat

to raise 1g of the substance by 1 degree Celsius

specific heat capacity

an increase in the average kinetic energy (temperature)

the particles are vibrating faster

starting to weaken its intermolecular forces

particles are closely packed together

a small amount of heat

raise 1g of the substance by 1 degree Celsius

specific heat capacity

no increase in the average kinetic energy (temperature)

added energy is stored as potential energy

molar heat of fusion/vaporization equations can only be used

amount of heat required to undergo certain changes

an increase in the average kinetic energy

vibrate AND rotate

totally overcome its intermolecular forces of attraction

start escaping into the gas phase

moderately spaced out and have a moderate speed

larger amounts of heat

increase 1g of the substance by 1 degree celsius

an increase in both kinetic energy and potential energy

vibrational, rotational, and translational molecular movement

as color goes from yellow to red, the temperature of the substance increases (with brown no increase)