SYSTEMS APPROACH TO SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
DEFINITION OF SYSTEM
Approach by: Ludwig Von Bertalanffy (General System Theory)
Chester Barnard was one who applied systems approach to management
A set of interrelated parts which though separate have a common purpose towards which they work
Subtopic
CHARACTERISTCS OF A SYSTEM
Larger system called as SUPRA SYSTEM each part
All systems as a rule have subsystems and are also a part of supra system
A system may be either closed or open
Closed systems are subject to entropy- the tendency to run down
Open systems receive inputs from the environment and so there is no entropy
A system is separated by boundaries from its environment which absorb from external environment
Members of an institution possess multiple memberships
The whole system is greater than its parts
In order to achieve dynamic equilibrium, a system must have feedback (informational input) to indicate that they system us at least going steady and not in the danger of gradual destruction
The output of one system becomes input for the other system and the chain continues.
TYPES OF SYSTEM
CLOSED SYSTEMS
OPEN SYSTEMS
CHARACERISTICS OF A GOOD SYSTEM
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Dependability
Flexibility
Acceptability
SYSTEMS APPROACH IN SCHOOL SETTINGS
SCHOOL INPUTS
SCHOOL PROCESSES
SCHOOL OUTPUTS
IMPORTANCE OF SYSTEM APPROACH FOR EDUCATION
Provides framework for planning, decision making control and problem solving
Throws light on dynamic nature of management
Institution is viewed as an adaptive system
Provides a unified focus to institutional efforts.
Helps to look at institution as a whole and not as parts.
Helps the manager to identify the critical sub systems and their interaction with each other
Helps in improving institution
Helps in bringing efficiency in school administration and management
Helps in systematic educational planning
Maximum utilization of resources
Helps in improving examination and evaluation system
Maintaining, controlling and improving the guidance services
Designing, controlling and improving non-formal and adult education system
In improving quality of education
In improving the teacher training programmes- in-service as well as pre service
SUBSYSTEMS OF AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
TECHINCAL SUBSYSTEM
SOCIAL SUBSYSTEM
STRUCTURAL SUB SYSTEM
MANAGERIAL SUBSYSTEM
Definitions of systems approach
TWELKIER
Management tool that allows individuals to examine all aspects of the organization, to interrelate the effects of one set of decisions to another and to optimally use all the resources at hand to solve the problem
KESHAV and MICHLEAN
Management tool that allows individuals to examine all aspects of the organization, to interrelate the effects of one set of decisions to another and to optimally use all the resources at hand to solve the problem