5 Scientific Techniques

Description: non-experimental approach, mathmatical technique

Strengths: Shows relationships between 2 variables. Basis for prediction

Limitations: Can not prove causation

Examples in Biology: As the number of prey increases, so does the number of predators

Description: Non=experimental approach to record a phenomenon or behavior based upon observation of the senses

Strengths: Observe behavior, study nature, validate theoretical concepts

Limitations: non-explanatory method, observation difficulty and recording results

Examples in Biology: Eagles are discovered to be capable of hunting in packs based upon the behavior observed

Description: Data collection via interviews and questionairres

Strengths: Collect opinions, attitudes, and data of a selected group

Limitations: Relies on self report and subjectivity, can also be perversed for poor reasons

Examples in Biology: Survey questioned bird specialists about results of experimetn on prefered bird seed to come to an ultimate conclusion (all experiments were exactly replicated)

Description: Independent and dependent variables necessary

Strengths: Understanding cause and effect in nature

Limitations: Only used in practical and ethical conditions

Examples in Biology: New cells grow in bird's location of memory in brain, every fall season

Description: In depth descriptive record in correcting and examining observed behavior

Strengths: Useful with detailed contextual view of a phenomenon. Helps to understand social factors.

Limitations: Conclusions about cause and effect relationships cannot be drawn. Individualistic approach, important details left out due to problems with memory

Examples in Biology: Huntingtons disease in Venzuela, case study determined how disease is transmitted from one generation to the next.