What is Discourse Analysis?
Larger patterns in text
Understanding Text Patterns:
Explore larger recurring structures in texts.
Patterns help readers interpret and navigate through information.
Example - Problem-Solution Format:
Break down a simple text with a common pattern: situation, problem, solution, and evaluation.
Illustrate how this structure is frequently found in various contexts.
Hoey's Analysis of Text Patterns:
Refer to Hoey's detailed study on different text structures.
Recognize grammatical and word choices that signify these patterns.
Importance of Signalling Devices:
Emphasize the role of cues like conjunctions and lexical references.
Writers and readers need to be aware of these cues for clear communication.
Written Discourse Analysis
Problems with Spoken Transcripts
Absence of Chaos in Simultaneous Speech
Time for Reflection
Sentence Structure
Predictability in Expression
Characteristics of Written Texts
Thoughtful Composition
Well-Formed Sentences
Recurring Principles
Hierarchy of Units
Insights from Written Discourse Analysis
Identifying Norms
and rules
Structuring of Texts
Cohesive Devices and Grammatical Cohesion
Regularities in Well-Formed Texts
Observing Grammatical Regularities
Implications for Language Teaching
Grammar and Sentence Structuring
Implications for Paragraphs and Whole Texts
Cohesion through
Pronominalisation
Ellipsis
Conjunction
Conversations outside the classroom.
the traditional classroom
where roles are rigidly defined and the patterns of initiation
but it is not the 'real' world of conversation
where teachers ask questions to which they already know the answer
where pupils have very limited rights as speaker
their degree of struc- turedness
They seem "free" and unstructured
they have a structure
sometimes they inform each other and recognize information.
But their conversation is not disorganized
The sequence begins and ends
initiation-response-follow-up.
Sequences here that form meaningful exchanges
the use of descriptive categories
such as exchange and its subcomponents
evaluate input and output in the teaching/learning process.
Text and interpretation
linguistic signals of semantic functions
Cohesive markers are no exception
Subt they create links across sentence boundaries and pairs.ópico
chain related elements
interpret the ties and give meaning to them
cognitive links in the text
semantic links
recognize the textual pattern
Regularly occurring functional relationships between bits of text,
They are known as textual segments.
They can be phrases, clauses, sentences or groups of sentences.
repetition and syntactic parallelism
using the same syntax in two or more clauses
Draw attention to a comparison or contrast
text segments Compared or contrasted
matching relationships
illocutionary acts
They are individual clauses, sentences and paragraphs
Talk as a social activity
Rigidity in Formal Situations
Predictability of Roles and Turns
Initiating Responding, Foil Mapping
Casual Talk among Equals
Complexity of Discourse
Control and Monitoring challenges
Extract Analysis
Features of Exchange Model
Boundary Markers
Overlapping talk
Disruptions
(e.g., barman)
Multiple speakers
Ethnomethodology
Ethnomethodological Approach
Observing real data and behavior
Turn-taking
Adjacency pairs
Openings/Closings
Conversation Structure and Dynamics
Classroom Talk
Predictability
Control, Turn-taking Rights
Overlapping
Jozef and Chris' Conversation Dynamics
Challenges in Transcript
More or less structured
Problems with multiple speakers
Discourse Analysts
Shift to observing behavior over structure
Loss of control perception
Ethnomethodology insights
regular patterns
norms
Language Teaching Implications
Insights from Ethnomethodology
Adherence to Conversation Rules and Norms
Understanding Turn-taking, Adjacency Pairs, and Politeness
Classroom Dynamics vs. Casual Conversations