5 research methods

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Sources of ethical standards

Virtue

Actions consistent with certain ideal virtues that provide for the full development of our humanity

Which option leads me to act as the sort of person I want to be?

Common good

Action contributes to greater good

Which option best serves the community as a whole, not just some members?

Fairness or Justice

Actions treat all human equally-or if unequally, then based on some standard that is defensible

Which option treats people equally or proportionately?

Rights

Protects moral rights

Which option best respects the rights of all who have a stake?

Utilitarian

Greatest good, least harm

Which option will produce the most good and do the least harm?

What is not ethics

Science

Following cultural norms

Following the Law

Religion

Feelings

Framework for ethical decision making

Act and reflect on outcome

How did my decision turn out and what have I learned from this specific situation?

How can my decision be implemented with the greatest care and attention to the concerns of all stakeholders?

Make decision and test

If I told someone I respect-or television audience-which option I have chosen, what would they say?

Considering all approaches, which option best addresses the situation?

Evaluate alternative actions

The 5 approaches

Get the facts

What are options for acting? Have all relevant parties been consulted?

Who has stake in outcome? Are some concerns more important?

What are the relevant facts of the case? What facts are not known? Can I learn more about the situation? Do I know enough to make a decision?

Recognize an ethical issue

Issue about more than what is legal or what is most efficient?

Could decision damage anyone?

Problems with identifying ethical standards

How are these standards applied in real situations

On what do we base our ethical standards ?

Definition of ethics

Standards of behaviour for how to act in several situations