Foundation of planning

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A unique decision that requires a custom-made solution.

repetitive decision that can be handled by a routine approach.

Foundation of planning

Type in the name of the book you have read.

Types of decision

Type the main events of the book, classifying them in: events from the beginning, events from the middle, and events from the end of the book.

Describe the story visually. Add a representative picture for each of them.

NonPrograme Decision

Unstructured problems

Type the main events from the middle.

Add a representative picture for each of them.

Top Level Management

Programe Decision

Structured problems

Type the main events from the beginning.

Add a representative picture for each of them.

Lower Level Manegement

Midle Level Management

Decision making process

Control the Results

Implement the Decision

Success or failure

The keys to effective implementation are

proper planning and consideration

sensitivity to those who will be affected by the decision

Putting the chosen alternative into action.

Select the Most Feasible Alternative

Predetermined decision criteria, such as the quality desired,anticipated costs, benefits, uncertainties.

assess the value or relative advantages and disadvantages

Generate Alternatives

involves the generation of alternatives, which are strategies that might be implemented in the decision-making situation.

Set Objectives and Criteria

Criteria

Want

Must

Objectives may be measured along a variety of dimensions.

quality objectives

defects per million units produced.

productivity objectives

units of output per labor hour,

profit or cost objectives

measured in monetary units,

results the organization wants to attain.

objectives will ultimately guide the decision maker in selecting the appropriate course of action.

Identifying Opportunities and Diagnosing Problems

The main idea is what the book is mostly about.

Some tips to find out the main idea of a book easier:

• Read the title.
• Look for the text features.
• Figure out if you are reading a fiction or a non fiction book.
• Think about some examples that support this idea.

clear identification of opportunities or the diagnosis of problems that require a decision.

Decision makers must know where action is required.