Gods of Mesopotamia

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Bibliography

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlil

www.realmofhistory.com/2017/05/09/10-ancient-mesopotamian-gods-goddesses-facts/

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Enlil

Gods and Goddesses of Mesopotamia

Tiamat

She signifies the chaos primordial creation.

Primordial - existing at the beginning of time

Mates with Abzu (the god of freshwater)

Goddess of the salt sea

Nabu

Associated with Nana a Sumerian god

Mentioned in Isaiah 46:1

Bel bows down, Nebo stoops low; their idols are borne by beasts of burden.[a] The images that are carried about are burdensome, a burden for the weary.

His symbols were the clay tablet and stylus

God of wisdom, writing, and vegetation

Also called Nebo

Anu

Anu is from the oldest Sumerian period (at least 3000BC)

Theoretically the highest god although only played a small role.

God of sky, kings, and the yearly calendar.

Ningishzida

Represented as a serpent.

God of vegetation and the underworld.

Sumerian for "Lord of the good tree"

Originally a tree god

Abzu

Also called Apsu

A Babylonian god

Mates with Tiamat (goddess of salt water)

God of freshwater

Enki

Picture of Enki

Later known as Ea in Akkadian and Babylonian mythology.

God of water, crafts, creation, mischief, and intelligence.

Chief god of the city of Eridu.

The god of the supreme triad

Triad - trinity/group of 3

Lahmu

His sister is Lahamu.

The first born son of Abzu and Tiamat.

He is a protective and beneficent god.

Means parent star or constellation.

Enmesarra

An ancestor of Enlil

Equal to the god Nergal

Protector of flocks and vegetation

The Underworld god of law

Described as a god of sun

Main topic

Anzu

Associated with the storm demon

His wings so powerful that they could cause storms, tornadoes, and thunder.

Seen as a half man, half bird. With a beak like a saw.

Means the "wise one"

Wanted to rule the gods

Also known as Zu

Kingu

Enki created humans from Kingu's blood

NOT TRUE!

After his mom's death Kingu was captured and executed

Kingu was afraid of Marduk and fled

Tiamat wanted to destroy the other gods so she created an army with Kingu leading it

Tiamat (his mom) wanted to make him leader of all gods before Marduk killed her

A god in Babylonian mythology

Means "unskilled laborer"

Also spelled Qingu

Shara

Minor god of war

Mainly identified with the city of Umma

Identified as the son of Inanna (Ishtar)

Amurru

His accomplice is the goddess Asherah

The protector god of the city Ninab

God of the Amorite/Amurru people

Also known as Martu

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The protector god of the city of Kish in ancient Mesopotamia.

His symbol is the eagle headed staff

Associated with Ninurta the god

God of war

Mummu

Symbolizes the mental world

The third of primordial gods

A personification of practical knowledge and technical skill

A craftsman

someone who is skilled in a particular craft

Appeared in the Babylonian creation myth

Anshar

They are the kids of Lahmu

His associate is Kishar which means "whole earth"

Means "whole heaven"

Marduk

Accompanied by the goddess Zarpanitu.

Was called Bel later on.

Chief god of the city of Babylon

God of thunderstorms in Mespotamia

Patron deity of the city of Babylon.

Deity - a god or goddess

A late generation god

Nergal

Mentioned in 2 Kings 17:30

The people from Babylon made Sukkoth Benoth, those from Kuthah made Nergal, and those from Hamath made Ashima;

Also associated with warfare death

Lord of the Underworld

The god of death, pestilence, and plague

Hadad

The bull was his symbol

Associated with the goddess Atargatis

Also called Had, Haddu, or Hadda

God of storms, rain, and thunder

Sin

He was a major god in the early part of the Sumerian period.

Represented as a bull.

God of the moon.

Ninurta

Later became loved by the Assyrians as a formidable warrior.

First worshipped in early Sumer.

God of farming, healing, hunting, scribes, and law.

Shamash

The son of Sin.

Famously known in the feature in the renowned law code of Hammurabi.

God of the sun and divine justice

Also known as Utu.

Ashur

He was an East Semitic god

Ashur's wife was Ninlil

Mainly worshipped in the northern half of Mesopotamia.

Head of the Assyrian pantheon of gods

Ishtar

Also known as Inanna.

Daughter of Nanna (god of the moon)

Goddess of war and love.

Enlil

Picture of Enlil

The god who granted kingship.

His commands couldn't be altered

He decrees fates of people

A supreme god of the Mesopotamian pantheon

Pantheon - all the gods of a certain people group