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Molecules & Ions

covalent compounds

certain compounds have special names

e.g ammonia

e.g water

prefix added to distinguish number of atoms.

e.g carbon monoxide (CO)

ionic compounds

exist polyatomic ions with special names

e.g Iron (II) Nitrate

e.g Ammonium Chloride

negative ions are ANIONS

positive ions are CATIONS

covalent bonding

e.g HCl [Hydrogen Chloride], NO [Nitrogen Oxide]

arises as 2 non-metals both need to gain electrons in order to achieve noble gas sturtures

Subtopic

electron clouds of atoms overlaping, resulting in electrons sharing

between atoms of non-metals

ionic bonding

e.g NaCl [sodium chloride]

transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal atom

between atoms of 1 non-metal and metal

elements

substances in their simplest form

e.g Carbon

e.g Hydrogen

isotopes

e.g Isotopes of Hydrogen

contain different number of neutrons

atoms with identical atomic number but different mass number.

atoms

contain 3 basic particles

electrons

neutrons

protons

smallest particles of the element which still retain the chemical properties of an element