The New Penology
The question covers a number of central concerns. These are:
The links between political persuations and the application of punishment.
The tumultious nature of punishment in recent years.
The rise of risk within penology
Actuarial Justice and the management of risk
CONCLUSION
Main points of evaluation
Main points of analysis
Objective
Aim
Recap
INTRODUCTION
Reasoning
What was the reasoning behind these choices?
Content
What/Which research, studies, philosophies, theories, evidence have you analysed, evaluated, explored, discussed in an attempt to answer the question.
Context
In what context does the question relate to?
Objectives
How might you answer the question?
Aims:
What is the question asking?
DESCRIPTION
How and Why to Punish?
These are just a few of the many questions surrounding the social institution that is punishment
Defining Features of Punishment
Condemnation and censure
Expressive Function Of Punishment
What message are we trying to send on a specific/general level when we seek to pnuish
Definition of Punishment
Provide an official/unofficial definition
COMPARE/CONTRACT
Alternative Approach to Penology
Rehabilitation
Deconstructive CJS
Constructive CJS
Utilitarian as opposed to retributive practices
Attempts to bring about a beneficial change to the i ndividual/society
Actor as opposed to action orientated
Treatment as opposed to management of crime
CRITICAL EVALUATION
Validity
With the death of the reformative ideal, regulation and containment of the ‘dangerous classes’ has come to the front.
Impact
The approach has been described by Feeley and Simon (1992) as the ‘New Penology’.
Focus
Uses technology and statistical calculations to enhance the risk management of high risk offenders
Purpose
The goal of the new penology is not to eliminate crime but instead to make it tolerable (Feeley and Simon, 1992).
Actuarial Justice
This represents a 'sea-change' in crime management, crime opportunities and risk distribution rather than the management of individual offenders.
Developments in Penology
Ill considered but attention grabbing tough on crime proposals
Media Imagery
The preoccupation with media imagery has led to support for harsh, symbolic policies illustrated in the White Paper: The people are sick and tired of a sentencing system that does not make sense’ (Home Office, 2002:86).
Penology
Crime control policy in England and Wales of late has been tumultuous evidenced in the Halliday Report and the Criminal Justice Act, 2003
CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Cost of Punishment
Issues of cost have led to ill thought out policies and knee jerk responses to crime in the form of alternatives to custody.
Political Issues
Difficulties stem from the political need for the public acceptance of policies and practices as public opinion is a crucial element.
Public Fear of Crime
And their Apparent Desire of Tough Sentences- what is the impact of this in terms of Penal Policy?
Punishment as a Social Response to Crime
These may reflect political and ideological principles
