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Growth Physiology

Development

Cellular differentiation

Cells differentiate to perform specific functions

Deterioration with age

Decrease in muscle strength and speed

Less elastic collagen

Blood vessels may collapse or bust

Wrinkles

poor reproductive function

Functional Maturation

Change in organ form

Change in organ shape

Environment

Phenotype may be effected by the environment

Determines outcome

Influenced by temperature, humidity, nutrition, etc.

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Growth

Prenatal growth and development

Hatching and rapid growth to maturity

Bone elongation

All tissues and organs develop from 3 germ layers

Mesoderm

Bones and Muscle

Ectoderm

Nervous system

Endoderm

Lining of digestive tract, pancreas, and lungs,

Zygote develops in the uterus

Prepubertal Development

Fat deposition

Abdominal, subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular

Muscle growth

Muscle fibers increase in length and diameter

Bone growth

ossification of cartilage

extension of growth plate

Post pubertal development

Body weight continues to increase

Bone elongation ceases

Continued fat deposition. Often to increase marbling (intramuscular fat)

Depends on diet

Muscle deposition slows

Hormones

Anterior Pituitary

Stimulated to release GH to a variety of tissues to stimulate growth

Release of ACTH for glucocorticoid release

Prolactin secretion for mammary secretion

Hypothalamus

Restless releasing hormones to act on the pituitary or thyroid

TRH fro TSH release to act on the thyroid

GHRH for GnRh release from AP

Genes

Heritability

Likelihood of a trait to be passed on

Selection for favorable traits such as size and early maturity