Unidad : La Antropología como ciencia

Mai multe ca aceasta

El Romanticismo en la Literatura Latinoamericana

după Maigli Velásquez

TEORÍAS QUE SUSTENTAN EL DESARROLLO SOCIO AFECTIVO EN LA INFANCIA

după Karla Aguilar

RAMAS DE LA ANATOMÍA

după Edw Aguirre

ORIGEN Y JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL ESTADO

după Juana Pérez

Unidad : La Antropología como ciencia

The first division between continents was made by ancient Greek navigators, who named them 'landmass, terra firma'.

Generally classified by convention rather than any strict criteria, nowadays seven regions are regarded as continents from a geopolitical point of view.

Evolución, genética, neurología, endocrinología

Antarctica is not only the coldest place on Earth but also the highest, driest, windiest and emptiest, completely covered with ice.

75% of the world's ice and 70% of the Earth's fresh water is located here.

Summer months of December to February give 24 hours of light, while the winter months of late March to late September are pitch dark the whole day.

There are no permanent inhabitants, except for scientists maintaining research stations in Antarctica.

La neuroendocrinología proporciona explicaciones de fenómenos psicosomáticos tales como afectos y emociones, memoria, agresividad, sexualidad, sed, hambre, etc.

There is plenty of animal life in Antarctica. It is a continent of extreme conditions but a range of well-adapted animals thrive here at various times of the year.

Name at least 5 of these animals.

Actualmente la evolución como el conjunto de transformaciones que han conducido a la aparición y posterior diversificación de las especies, por filiación, a partir de una misma forma de vida primitiva.

Antarctica sees half a year of light and half a year of complete darkness.
Write down which months give 24 hours of light, and which are the ones that give pitch darkness the whole day.

All day dark

All day light

Entre las ciencias biológicas la genética trata de la reproducción a todos los niveles donde ésta se produce, trátese de un individuo humano o bien de una célula o de una molécula. Los cromosomas, en el caso humano, encierran unidades genéticas llamadas genes. Éstos transmiten los caracteres de los padres en el momento de la fecundación.

The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was recorded here.

Write it down.

Answer

La evolución consiste en una serie de modificaciones progresivas que tienen como punto de partida organismos elementales

Write down the temperatures of the Frozen Continent during the summer and the winter.

Winter

Summer

Introducción epistemológica

You can find on this continent:

• the world's largest river as per water volume, the Amazon.

• the highest volcanoes of the world -- Mt. Cotopaxi and Mt. Chimborazo.

• the country, Brazil, which is the largest coffee producer in the world.

• the second-highest mountain range in the world, the Andes.

La antropología física es una ciencia empírico-natural; la antropología cultural es un saber científico social o humano. En cambio, la antropología filosófica ya no es ciencia, sino saber sobre el sentido del ser humano.

The world's largest snake and the second-longest lives here.

Name this snake as well as other animals that can be found in South America.

Cada una de ellas tres puede aplicarse a los procesos educacionales, mismos que están funcionalmente ligados con la psicología.

Han hecho aparición tres géneros de antropología:

The largest forest, which covers 30% of South America's total area, is famous for its biodiversity. It’s crisscrossed by thousands of rivers, including the powerful Amazon.

Name this forest as well as its type.

3. Y, por último, la antropología filosófica incluida en la filosofía, en cuanto ésta labora con discursos metafísicos o con reflexiones más allá de toda posible experiencia.

2. Antropología cultural o etnografía catalogada dentro de la sociología

1. Antropología física inscrita en la biología

En adelante habrá que contar con physis –lo que es así, no pudiendo ser de otra manera– y con polis o nomos –lo que es así, pudiendo siempre ser de otra manera.

There are 12 countries that make up South America.

Name as many of you can! Don't forget about their capitals.

La naturaleza

North America has five time zones and it is the only continent with every type of climate.

North America was named after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci and is also known as the 'New World'.

The world's largest sugar exporter among the seven continents - Cuba - also called the 'sugar bowl of the world' is located here.

En adelante habrá que contar con physis –lo que es así, no pudiendo ser de otra manera– y con polis o nomos –lo que es así, pudiendo siempre ser de otra manera

The specialty of some animals is they are found only in a particular region and nowhere else in the world. North America is home to many of such amazing animals.

Name at least 6.

Con los sofistas nace el concepto de nomos ley escrita por los hombres y el de polis espacio geográfico y civilizado que hace posible la existencia del hombre.

Native Americans have lived along this river and its tributaries for thousands of years. Most were hunter-gatherers, but some formed agricultural societies.

Formed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, this river's embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the United States; steamboats were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to ship agricultural and industrial goods.

Name this river.

Length

Physis es aquel ámbito en el cual todo se produce, viniendo unas cosas desde siempre de otras, incluidos los dioses. La physis era autosuficiente, no necesitaba creador alguno.

The world's largest freshwater lake by surface area and the third-largest freshwater lake by volume can be found here. It provides a route for the transportation of iron ore, as well as grain and other mined and manufactured materials.

Large cargo vessels called lake freighters, as well as smaller ocean-going freighters, transport these commodities across this lake.

Name this lake.

Lake type

Se trataba de un término vago e impreciso. Con anterioridad a los romanos, los griegos utilizaron una palabra, physis que se deriva de la raíz indoeuropea bhu, que, como verbo, significa «producirse», «llegar a ser»; y que, en cuanto sustantivo, señala «tierra», «suelo», «lugar».

There are 23 countries that make up North America.

Name as many of you can! Don't forget about their capitals.

El hombre como polis o civilización

Australia is the world's smallest continent and is also known as an 'island continent' as it is surrounded by water on all sides.
It includes 14 countries and it is the least populated continent.

Its name comes from the Latin word 'australis' meaning 'southern' because it lies entirely on the south of the equator.

El concepto de civilización: la cultura o simbólica hermenéutica, la técnica o capacidad fabricadora del hombre y, por último, las instituciones o estrategias colectivas para sobrevivir menos mal en el seno del mundo. Aquí nos hacemos con el tema de la historia, como concepto contrapuesto a naturaleza, tema que nos sirve para inteligir la especificidad del anthropos.

la evolución de las especies implica cambio; mutaciones génicas, por ejemplo, sin las cuales no haría aparición una especie nueva

Australia is home to some animals that can't be found anywhere else in the world.

Name at least 6 of these unique animals.

Polis= Civilización

The largest sandstone monolith can be found here and it is one of Australia's most recognizable natural icons. It is the largest monolith in the world.

Name this rock and write down one of the characteristics it is famous for.

3.Historia

2. Sociedad

1. Creatividad

Physis =Naturaleza

The largest coral reef can be found here.
Name this coral reef, add its length and mention what type of coral is it.

3. Evolución

2. Individuo

1. Necesidad

Insuficiencia de la sarx o biología

Of the seven continents of the world, Africa is the second largest.

Africa comprises 54 countries and it is the hottest continent.

The equator passes through the middle of Africa and it receives direct sunlight throughout the year.

The world gets 66% of its chocolate, 50% of the gold and 95% of the diamonds from Africa.

La programación genética no alcanza a programar todas las posibles conductas humanas: se impone el recurso a la programación social (aprender lenguajes, por ejemplo) para seguir como ser humano sin caer en la neurosis o en la psicopatía. La herencia asegura la acción, pero jamás determina qué acción, como no se trate de actividades biológicas, y aun éstas se modelan según paradigmas civilizados.

The world's longest river can be found here, famed for its ancient history and the archaeological sites along its shores.
This river gave rise to the early Egyptian civilization.

Name this river and add its length.

Para Nietzsche, esto constituía una mengua notable; para nuestro enfoque, en cambio, el inacabamiento zoológico del hombre forma un haz importante de nuevas perspectivas:las históricas, sociales, cultas.

Out of 54, how many countries you can name?

How about these countries' capitals?

Procesos madurativos

Asia is the world's largest continent of the seven continents in size, as it covers one-third of the earth's surface.

It includes 50 countries, and it is the most populated continent, 60% of the total population of the Earth lives here.

En la cotidianidad resulta difícil separar procesos madurativos y procesos educadores, pero metodológicamente no sólo es esto posible, sino también aconsejable a fin de hacemos cargo del único animal capaz de educarse –si se distingue entre adiestramiento y educación–.

Asia houses the highest point on earth.
Name this summit and write down how tall it is.

Height

Llaamos procesos madurativos al conjunto de transacciones que tienen lugar entre un código genético humano y el mundo natural; mundo que en el límite sería una realidad no alterada por el fenómeno antropológico.

Name as many as you can out of the 48 countries located in Asia.

Write down the capitals too.

Cuerpo carnal

Europe is separated from Asia by the Ural mountains and the Caspian Sea.

It is surrounded by water on three sides: Mediterranean Sea in the south, Atlantic Ocean in the west, and the Arctic Ocean in the north.

Three-fourth of the world's potatoes grow in Europe.

El cuerpo del lactante le permite a éste estar en el mundo, o tomar posesión de él, mamando, es decir, oralmente. En el adulto este tomar posesión pasa a ser consciente como mínimo en forma de posibilidad inmediata.

Europe has many exceptional animals, birds, and reptiles with unique methods of staying and hunting.

Name at least 4 of them.

Name

El cuerpo animal, el zoé, se limita a sobrevivir; a ir tirando; en cambio, el cuerpo humano, la sarx, tiende a situarnos de otra manera en la realidad.

Europe is a large region, with several major rivers that connect its many countries. There are five primary rivers in Europe, and one of them flows through 10 countries, more than any other river in the world.

Name these rivers.

River's name

A partir de Jerusalén y de Roma– distinguieron entre soma, zoé y sarx.

Europe is one of the smallest continents, yet it is home to some of the largest mountain ranges.

About 20% of the total landmass of the continent is considered mountainous.

Name the 5 longest mountain ranges in Europe.

En el hombre, el soma o materia corporal pasa a ser ya sarx, carne humana, soma sarkikón, cuerpo carnal de hombre y no cuerpo de nube o ballena.

El zoé –de donde deriva zoología– es la vida entendida como unidad a priori de la sucesión de estados vitales

El soma se limita a estar ahí.

El cuerpo es materia en oposición a espíritu, pero es materia corpórea; es decir, aquella materia que nos permite estar presentes en el mundo.

The most beautiful cities in the world can be found in Europe. History, architecture, arts, and famous cuisine is representative almost to each country.

Out of 51 countries how many you can name?
And how many capitals?

Country

Czech Republic - Prague