Verbal tenses

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Chapter 4: Probability-Formulas

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ENGLISH TENSES

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Verbal tenses

Conditional tenses

Mixed

to imagine a present change with result in the past

2.Present/Past

the effects of a different situation in the present would mean that the past was different as well

I wouldn't have called you on your holiday

It is really important. If it wasn't,

to imagine a past change with a result in the present

1. Past/Present

a change in the past has a result in the present

would+infinitive

I wouldn't be with my current partner

If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo,

Third conditional

imagine the different result of a past action

to imagine a different past

would have+past participle

I would have passed the exam

If+past perfect

If I had understood the instructions properly,

Second conditional

suggestions

consequence of an unrealistic action or situation in the present or future

would+ infinitive

I would buy that shirt

If+past simple

If I were you,

First conditional

for real or objective hypothesis

future simple

I will go to the party

If she invites me,

Zero conditional

to make refers to general truths, such as scientific facts

main clause

it boils

relative clause

If+present simple

If you heat water,

Future tense

Present simple

to talk about trasport timetables

action definitely programmed

we are moving to London the next month

To be going to

to talk about intentions about future plans

I'm going to Spain this summer

Will

to express an unpremeditable decision

to make raccomandations

sub+will not+base form

we won't get a pay rise

sub+will+base form

I will be late tonight

express agreement and desagreement

previsions based on what one thinks or expect will happen

Perfect tenses

Past perfect continous

highlight the action during its implemention

sub+had not+been+ing form

she hadn't working hard

sub+had+been+ing form

I was tired. I have been working hard

Past perfect simple

action occured before another action in the past

sub+hadn't+past participle

they hadn't travelled a lot

sub+had+past participle

we had worked hard

Present perfect continous

action just completed, the effects of which are visible in the present

sub+haven't/hasn't+been+ing form

she hasn't been studying

sub+have/has+been+ing form

Tom is muddy. He's been playing football

duration of an unfinished action, started in the past and continue in the future

Present perfect simple

the duration is not yet over

the past is indefinite

negative tense

sub+haven't/hasn't+past participle

she hasn't published her book yet

I haven't finished my homework yet

affermative tense

sub+have/has+past participle

she has arrived this morning

I have never visited Rome

Past tenses

Past continous

action that was taking place at a time in the past

sub+wasn't/weren't+ing form

we weren't watching TV

sub+was/were+ing form

I was eating my burger

Past simple

habits in the past

finished actions in the past

irregular verbs

they have their own form

Do: did

Go: went

Be: was/were

regular verbs

sub+didn't+base form

She didn't play music

sub+base form+ed

I finished my book

Present tenses

Present continous

actions in progress

express the temporariness of a action in the period in which we speak

sub+negative form of to be+ing form

I'm not eating tuor slice of pizza!

sub+present of to be+ing form

She's eating an apple

express repeated actions

describe illustrations

Present simple

suggestion/advice

narrative present

fixed hours

negative form

sub+don't/doesn't+base form

he doesn't want a pizza

I don't like music

affermative form

sub+base form

I play my guitar

facts the are always true

habitual or recurring actions