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Upper Darboux Sum
Lower Darboux Sum
Cylindrical Shells Method
Washer/Disk method
Definate Intergal
uses the definate integral
revolving a line segment or multiple connected line segments (graph of a function) around an axis
aprroximating the value of a function by using the tangent line
Chain Rule: f'(g(x))g'(x)
Power Rule
Instantaneous Velocity
Difference Quotient
rate of change at a point
the slope of the tangent line to a graph at a given point
Average Velocity
Rate of change over an interval
f'(x)=
f(x) - f(a)
_______
x - a
Quotient Rule
Product Rule
Subtraction
Addition
3 things make a function continuous at a number "c":
the limit of the function must equal the value of the function at that point, i.e. limit f(x) as x approaches c = f(c).
the limit of f(x) as x approaches that number "c" must exist
f(c) is defined
Discontinuity types
infinite
removable
jump
INTERMEDIATE VALUE
if there is a continuous function on a closed interval [a,b] and w is any number between f(a) and f(b) then there is a point c in [a,b] where f(c) = w.
SANDWICH
Example. Find lim x→0 x 2 cos(1 x ) . Hide Solution
squeeze theoremSince −1≤cos(1 x )≤1 for all x (actually we are interested only in x near 0) then −x 2 ≤x 2 cos(1 x )≤x 2 . Since lim x→0 x 2 =lim x→0 −x 2 =0 then by Squeeze theorem lim x→0 x 2 cos(1 x )=0 .
On the figure you can see that x 2 cos(1 x ) is squeezed between x 2 and −x 2 .
Used to prove the Power Rule for Differentiation
expanding expressions with large exponents
lal = a, a> or = 0 and lal = -a, a<0
for any given x value in a domain there is a unique y value in the range such that f(x) = y.