HIV & AIDS

What is it?

mode of transmission

precautions

Abstain from exchanging sexual fluids (semen and vaginal fluid).

Reduce the number of sexual partners to one.

Always use latex condoms and don't re-use

If the patient is allergic to latex, nonlatex condoms should be used; however, they will not protect against HIV infection.

avoid anal intercourse

Avoid sharing needles, razors, toothbrushes, sex toys

Consider pre-exposure prophylaxis if regularly engage in high-risk behaviors.

if patient is positive HIV

Take ART regularly to achieve viral suppression.

Inform previous, present, and prospective sexual and drug-using partners of their HIV-positive status

Avoid having unprotected sex with another HIV-seropositive person

risk for cross-infection

Not donate blood, plasma, body organs, or sperm.

stages

• Stage 0

primary - acute infection

The period from infection with HIV to the development of HIV-specific antibodies

• stages 1, 2, and 3

based on the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count.

• stages 1

CD4+ T-cell counts drop to 500 to 1,500 cells/mm3 of blood

• stages 2

CD4+ T-lymphocyte cells are between 200 and 499

• stages 3

stage 3 when the count drops below 200 cells/mm3 of blood

the person is considered to have AIDS for surveillance purposes

• stages unknown

Cases with no information on CD4+ T-lymphocyte count or percentage

Clinical manifestations

Assessment and Diagnostic findings

Medical management

Nursing management

complications

Kaposi Sarcoma

Cutaneous signs may be the first manifestation of HIV; they can appear anywhere on the body and are usually brownish pink to deep purple.

pneumonia, TB, candidiasis

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