the syestem unit
processing and memory

a

Ports and Connectors

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Phort is a connector on the exterior of a computer to which a device may be attached.

The additional ports that we use

fire wire,keybord ports

USB ports

modern ports,

network port

( monitor port

SCSI ports

game port

Audio ports

degital data representation

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most digital computers are binary computers and represented by digital 0 and 1.

coding system for text

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text based by data and represented by binary coding syestem.

ASCII

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ASCII belonged to American standard code for information interchange

EBCD

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Etended Binary Code Dismal Interchange Code

unicode

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An international coding system that used to represent text based data in any writing language.

Typical CPU Components

Logic Unit

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the part of CPU core that performs logical operations and integer arithmetic

Floating Point Unit

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The part of the CPU core that performs decimal arithmetic

Control Unit

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The part of CPU that corrdinates its operation

Prefetch Unit

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Is orders data and instruction from cache or RAM based on the current task.

Decode Unit

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The part of the CPU core that translate instructions into a form that can be processed by the ALU and FPU.

Buses

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In a computer which is an electronic path over which data travel

Memory Bus

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The connection between the CPU and RAM.

Frontside Bus (FSB)

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The bus that connected the CPU via the I/O bridge to the rest of the bus architecture.

PCI and PCI Express Bus

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One of the buses most commonely used to connect peripheral devices.in the new computer has been replaced with the PCI express

USB Bus

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Universial serial Bus allows 127 different divices to connect to a computer via a single USBport on the computer system unit.

FireWire/IEEE 1394 Bus

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Is a high speed bus standarded developed by Apple for connecting divices particularly multimedia devices like digital video cameras to a computer.

The Motherboard

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A circuit board containing a computer chips and other electronic component.it is inside the system unit.

CPU

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Is a chip that located on the motherboard of a computer and performs the processing of a computer.

Memory

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refer to a chip based storage.

Registers

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It is a hight speed memory built into a CPU

Random Access Memory (RAM)

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It called main memory

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

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Consist of nonvolatile chips that store data or programs

Flash Memory

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Consist of nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storage by a computer or users

the binary numbering system

p

bit

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the smallest unit of data digital computer

byte

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a group of 8 bites

Coding Systems for Other Types of Data

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alphabet character and special symbol such as comma and dollar sign

Graphics Data

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Consist of image , such as photographs or drawings

Audio Data

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audio data such as song or the sound of someone speaking

Video Data

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Video data such as home movie, feature film, video clips, and televisions show

Representing Software Programs

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software program represented by 0s and 1s.

machine language

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binary based language for representing computer program