Most psychologists agree that classical conditioning is a basic learning form Many other responses to many other stimuli can be classically conditioned in many other organisms Pavlov demonstrated how a learning process can be studied objectively Classical conditioning is a basic form of learning that applies to all species Pavlov’s principles are used to influence human health and well-being Areas of consciousness, motivation, emotion, health, psychological disorders, and therapy. Addicts are counseled to avoid stimuli that may trigger cravings Pairing a particular taste with a drug that influences responses may eventually lead to response to the taste alone. Pavlov’s work provided a basis for Watson’s ideas that human emotions and behaviors, though biologically influenced, are mainly conditioned responses.
mStudied digestive system; won Nobel prize in Russia
Demostrated associative learning through salivary conditioning
Influenced by Pavlov
Believed theoretical goal is preidction and control of behavior
Psychology:
1. should be an objective science
2. study behavior without reference to mental processes
Most research psychologists today agree wiith 1 but not 2
Initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response
A procedure in which the conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second, often weaker, conditioned stimulus. An animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone. Also called second-order conditioning
Diminishing of a conditional response Occurs in classical conditioning when an US does not follow a CS.
Reappearance after a pause, of an extinguished condition response (CR