Disease Prevention
Heba Azeef - TPJ4M

Airborne precautions

Before care

Isolation with specific room settings

Wash hands

Wear a form of respiratory protection such as a mask

During care

Limit transport

Limit unnecessary contact with medical equipment

After care

Dispose of PPE in a sealed bag

Discard hazardous trash

Wash hands

Contact precautions

Before care

Private room

Wash hands

Wear gloves

Wear gown if needed

During care

Limit transportation

Limit use of unnecessary equipment

After care

dispose of PPE in a sealed bag

Discard hazardous trash

Wash hands

Droplet precautions

After care

dispose of PPE in a sealed bag

Discard hazardous trash

Wash hands

Before care

Distance of three feet from everyone

Wear facial protection such as a mask or face shield

During care

Limit transportation

Limit use of unnecessary equipment

Major concern pathogens for healthcare professionals is HIV, Hepatitis B and hepatitis C

Needlestick safety act

about 600 000 - 800 000 needlesticks (accidental needle pricks) occur each year

Can expose professionals to a large amount of bloodborne pathogens

Bloodborne pathogen standards established in 1991 by the OSHA must be followed

Transfer of microorganisms between a infected and not infected person via touch or bodily fluid.

Ex, HIV, Hep. C

Involves a 'vehicle' (An object or organism) that acts as a mode of transport that brings the pathogen from an infected person to an infected person

Droplets released from actions such as coughing, sneezing, talking or during a medical procedure and directly come into contact with mucous membranes/portals of entry

Ex, COVID-19, influenza

Airborne transmission is when microorganisms were carried by currents in the air and are either suspended in the air or dispersed

Results in transmission without face to face contact

Ex, TB, measles

Antiseptic - chemicals that kill or prevent the growth of pathogens on living skin

Ex, alcohol, betadine

Asepsis - absence of microrganisms on living skin and mucous membranes

Disinfectant - chemicals that kill or prevent growth of pathogens on inanimate objects

Ex, bleach, zephirin

Sterilizer - destroys all microorganisms.

Ex, autoclave

Sterilized - absence of all microrganisms

Decontamination
soaking instruments in disinfectant

Cleaning
scrub equipment to remove organic matter

Sterilization
kill all microorganisms

chemical

use or storage

dry heat

use or storage

pressure steam

use or storage

high-level disinfection
used when sterilization is not possible

boiling

use or storage

chemical

use or storage