Interpersonal Communications
Midterm 2 Review

importance

supports the message - message and the non-verbal work together to create meaning

method of communicating without words

when a difference exists btw what someone says and what their actions are - we tend to believe the non-verbal

shows true feelings

get a lot of information from non-verbal

if contradiction exists

manage interpersonal relationships

respond to others approprietly

CODES

Body movement & posture (kensics)

emblems/gestures

thumbs up

Illustrators

slams fist on desk

Affect Display

shrugged shoulders

Regulators

raise hand

Adaptor

fanning yourself

Eye contact

cognitive

first thoughts

monitor

response

regulatory cues

interest

expressive

cry

facial expressions
(Paul Ekman)

Happiness

Surprise

Anger

Fear

Sadness

Disgust

touch

permission/how close to the coworker

appropriate

high five, kiss on the lips

to express intimacy

depends on culture

personal space

intimate

personal

social

public

appearance

sends a message (do I care)

territory

towel on chair

vocal cues

rate of speech

intonation

silence speaks volumes

Elements

an expressed struggle

two people - what you do affects the other person

achieve a goal

Incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference

Process

Source

Beginning

Middle

End

Aftermath

Triggers

Criticism

Feeling entitled

different perspectives

"The big 6"

Power

Legitimate

Referent

Expert

Reward

Coercive

Social Issues (ie religion politics)

personal flaws

distrust

intimacy

distance

Perceived lack of fairness

Stress & lack of sleep & hungry

Tension

3 types

Pseudo

Simple

Ego

Managing (4)

Emotions

Information

Goals

Problem

Strategies

Avoidance

Lose - lose

Competition

win-lose

Compromise

win/ose - lose/win

Accommodation

lose win

Collaboration

win - win

Hearing

Listening

Process

Selecting

Attending

Understanding

Remembering

Responding

Styles

Relational

Analytical

Critical

Task-oriented

Skills

Empathy

Stop, look, listen

focus

Critical listening

ask questions

reflecting (quick mental note)

summarizing

Barriers

Self-absorbed

Information overload

Unchecked emotions

Criticizing the speaker

Brain faster than how fast someone can talk

external noise

Listener apprehension

listening for a goal/to get at something

Responding

Good response

Well timed

Provides useful information

avoid unnecessary details

descriptive not evaluative

responding skills

paraphrase

Emotions

Words

Types

Confirming

Direct Aknowledgement

Agreeing with a judgement

Supporting

Express positive feelings

Clarifying

Compliment

Disconfirming

Irrelevant

interrupting

Impervious

Impersonal

Incoherent

incongruous

Consequence of bad verbal comm?

person creates distance (end of the relationship

hurt feelings

Misunderstanding

How to avoid

aware of missed message

be clear/precise in the words we choose

specific and avoid over-generalizations

be sensitive to peoples differences

be aware in changes in meaning

words have 2 meanings

Denotative

ie. literal meaning "school" - somewhere you go to learn

Connotative

ie. personal meaning "school" - i love school

Triangle of Meaning

Thought

ie. cat

Referent

ie. word "CAT"

Symbol

ie. picture of a cat

Power to Influence (TAP)

Thoughts

Actions

Perceptions