Molecules & Ions

smallest particles of the element which still retain the chemical properties of an element

contain 3 basic particles

protons

neutrons

electrons

atoms with identical atomic number but different mass number.

contain different number of neutrons

e.g Isotopes of Hydrogen

substances in their simplest form

e.g Hydrogen

e.g Carbon

between atoms of 1 non-metal and metal

transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal atom

e.g NaCl [sodium chloride]

between atoms of non-metals

electron clouds of atoms overlaping, resulting in electrons sharing

arises as 2 non-metals both need to gain electrons in order to achieve noble gas sturtures

Subtopic

e.g HCl [Hydrogen Chloride], NO [Nitrogen Oxide]

positive ions are CATIONS

negative ions are ANIONS

exist polyatomic ions with special names

e.g Ammonium Chloride

e.g Iron (II) Nitrate

prefix added to distinguish number of atoms.

e.g carbon monoxide (CO)

certain compounds have special names

e.g water

e.g ammonia