Mutation

1 Type Of Mutations

Gene Mutations

Point Mutations

Substitutions

Silent Mutation

Missense Mutation

Nonsense Mutation

Insertions

Deletions

Chromosomal Mutations

Deletions

Duplication

Inversions

Translocation

Frameshift Mutations

Insertions

Deletions

2 Causes Of Mutation

Spontaneous Mutations

DNA Replication Errors

Natural Chemical Changes

Induced Mutations

Physical Agents

UV Radiations

X- Rays

Chemical Agents

Mutagens

Carcinogens

3 Effects Of Mutation

Neutral Effects

Beneficial Effects

Evolutionary Adaptions

Harmful Effects

Genetic Disorders

Cancer

7 Mechanisms Of DNA Repair

Direct Repair

Excision Repair

Base Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Mismatch Repair

Recombinational Repair

6 Genetic Variation

Sources Of Genetic Variation

Mutation

Recombination

Independent Assortment

Fertilization

5 Examples Of Disorders

Single-Gene Disorders

Sickle Cell Anemia

Cystic Fibrosis

Chromosomal Disorders

Down syndrome

Turner Syndrome