Nucleic Acids

includes|: growing, harvesting, transporting, marketing, consumption, and disposal of foodenergy in cells and organisms is carried and stored in different formsthe amount of energy we can get is limited because of limitations

sources of fresh water are running dryexisting water sources are becoming polluted33% of soils are degradedbiodiversity is threatened --> tropical forests disappearing, plants and animals endangeredclimate change intensifies these issues

this diet impacts our health and the environmentleads to health diseasesgreen house gas emissions are raised from meat productionfood is less diverse

794 million people suffer from hunger2 billion people do not get sufficient vitamins and minerals9 billion people over eat, 600 million of these people are obese leading to type 2 diabetes

a third of food produced is wasted

In plants, sunlight energy is captured as ATPIn consumers enzymes convert the energy consumed into ATP

organisms that can produce biological molecules from simpler molecules like CO2 and H2O using light or chemical energy

organisms that consume biological molecules to produce energy

The monomer of nucleic acidsconnected between their phosphate group and a hydroxyl group on the 5-carbon sugar to make a phosphodiester bond.

the polymer deoxyribonucleic acid

made up of 1 polymercan fold up on themselves to make functional shapes. 

made up of 2 polymersWhen two strands come together, though, they always line up and connect with one strand inverted compared to the other

the polymer ribonucleic acidused as the genetic molecule in many virusesused to turn off genesfolded in such a way so that the bottom of the molecule can attach to other RNA molecules

made up of 1 polymercan fold up on themselves to make functional shapes. 

made up of 2 polymersWhen two strands come together, though, they always line up and connect with one strand inverted compared to the other

There are 5 common nitrogenous bases: guanine, adenine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil. 

In RNA purines include adenine and guanineIn DNA purines include adenine and guanine

In RNA pyrimidines include cytosine and uracilIn DNA pyrimidines include cytosine and thymine

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideused in reactions that remove hydrogen from another molecule, for example in parts cellular respiration

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is used in different sets of reactions that remove hydrogen from another molecule, for example in photosynthesis

Flavin adenine dinucleotide used in different sets of reactions that remove hydrogen from another molecule, for example in different parts of cellular respiration

Coenzyme Aused to move a molecule to an enzyme