Common Ancester
-DNA as genetic storage
-Ester bonds

Bacteria

-Peptidoglycan in Cell Wall

Escherichia Coli

Escherichia Coli

C.A. of Eukarya and Archea
-Histones
-Methionine
-cell wall without peptiglocan

Eukarya (Ursus americanus) 
-Esther Linkages
-Chromosomes in Nucleus
-Membrane bound Organelles

Eukarya (Ursus americanus)
-Esther Linkages
-Chromosomes in Nucleus
-Membrane bound Organelles

Archaeplastida
-Primary,Plastids in photosynthetic species

Rhotophytes

Rhotophytes

Subtopic

Charophytes
-Zygotic,Not Disiccation resistant,
gametophyte, diffusion by osmosis,
tissue throughout body.No true leaves.

Charophytes
-Zygotic,Not Disiccation resistant,
gametophyte, diffusion by osmosis,
tissue throughout body.No true leaves.

Braun's Sonewort

Braun's Sonewort

C.A.
-Sporic,Apical Meristems, Embryo,
gemetangla, Sporangia.

Liverwort

Common Liverwort

Common Liverwort

C.A.

Hornwort

Field Hornwort

Field Hornwort

C.A.

Mosses

Wooly Feather Moss

Wooly Feather Moss

C.A.
-Presence of Lignin.
-Xylem/Phloem
-Lycophysis, Sporophyte
-Waxy Cuticle,Stomata.

Lycophytes

Fan Clubmoss

Fan Clubmoss

C.A.

Monilophyte

Eastern Marsh Fern

Eastern Marsh Fern

C.A.
-Seeds, Pollen, heterospory, wood, ovules

Gymnosperms

Scots Pine

Scots Pine

C.A.

Bald Cypress

Bald Cypress

C.A.

C.A.
-Ovary,fruit

Angiosperms

C.A.
-Flowers

White Water Lily

White Water Lily

C.A.

Southern Magnolia

Southern Magnolia

C.A.

C.A.

Subtopic

Subtopic

Excavata
-feeding groove
-Plastids in photosynthetic species

Stramenopilia
-Tripartite flagellar hair
-Plastids in photosynthetic species
secondary.

Chlorophytes

Chlorophytes

Euglenoids

Euglenoids

SAR Clade

Alveolata
-Membranous vesicles on cell membrane
-Plastids in photosynthetic species, Secondary
or tertiary.

Dinoflagellates

Dinoflagellates

Rhizaria
-Filose pseudopodia

Diatoms

Diatoms

Radiolarians

Radiolarians

Unikonta

Fly Agaric

Fly Agaric

Slime Mold

Slime Mold

Black Bread Mold

Black Bread Mold

Opisthokonta
-Single posterior flagellum on swimming cells
-Absorptive Heterotrophy

Animals (Ancestral Colonial Protist)
-Mobility,
- complex organ systems
-Gametic Lifestyle
-Multicellularity

Porifera
Giant Barrel Sponge

Porifera
Giant Barrel Sponge

Eumetazoa
-Have true tissues

Cnidaria
-Diploblasty
-Radial Symmetry

Medusozoa
-Produces a medusa

Scyphozoan
-Majority of life cycle in medusa stage
Moon Jelly
(Aurelia aurita)

Scyphozoan
-Majority of life cycle in medusa stage
Moon Jelly
(Aurelia aurita)

Hydrozoan
-Alternate between polyp and medusa forms
Pennaria distcha

Hydrozoan
-Alternate between polyp and medusa forms
Pennaria distcha

Anthozoa
-Occur Only as polyps
Elkhorn Coral
(Acropora Palmata)

Anthozoa
-Occur Only as polyps
Elkhorn Coral
(Acropora Palmata)

Bilateria
-Bilaterial Symmetry
-Triploblasty

Protostomia
-Spiral and determinate cleavage
-Fate of Blastospore:Mouth.

Lophotrochozoa
-Presence of trochophore
larvae or lophophore.
No:Ecdysis

Piatyhelminthes

Rhabditophora
-Predators
-Thin Bodies
-Dorsoventrally Flattened
-Nerve Nets
Macrostomum ligano

Rhabditophora
-Predators
-Thin Bodies
-Dorsoventrally Flattened
-Nerve Nets
Macrostomum ligano

Trematoda
-Parasite with intermediate Host
Sheep Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepaticia)

Trematoda
-Parasite with intermediate Host
Sheep Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepaticia)

Cestoda
(Tapeworms)
-Scolex
-Proglottids
-Parasite
Pork Tapeworm (Taenia solium)

Cestoda
(Tapeworms)
-Scolex
-Proglottids
-Parasite
Pork Tapeworm (Taenia solium)

...

Mollusca

Gastropoda
(Snails and Slugs)
-Movement with a foot
-Single Spiraled Shell
Golden Apple Snail (Pornacea canaliculate)

Gastropoda
(Snails and Slugs)
-Movement with a foot
-Single Spiraled Shell
Golden Apple Snail (Pornacea canaliculate)

Cephlopoda 
(Squids, Octapuses)
-Marine Predatory Animals
-Tentacles
-Reduced or Internal Shell

Cephlopoda
(Squids, Octapuses)
-Marine Predatory Animals
-Tentacles
-Reduced or Internal Shell

Bivalvia
(clams and Oysters)
-Shell divided into two halves
-Suspension feeders
Soft Shell Clam
(Mya arenaria)

Bivalvia
(clams and Oysters)
-Shell divided into two halves
-Suspension feeders
Soft Shell Clam
(Mya arenaria)

Subtopic

Annelida 
Common Earthworm
(Lumbricus terrestris)

Annelida
Common Earthworm
(Lumbricus terrestris)

Ecdysozoa
-Yes:Ecdysis

Arthropoda

Hexapoda (Insects)
-Can fly
-Metamorphosis
-Segmented Body with Head

Monarch Butterfly 
(Danaus Plexippus)

Monarch Butterfly
(Danaus Plexippus)

Crustacea
(Lobsters, Shrimp, Barnacies)
-Specialized Appendages

Chesapeake Blue Crab
(Callinect's sapidus)

Chesapeake Blue Crab
(Callinect's sapidus)

Chelicarata
(Sea Spiders, Horseshoe Crabs, Ticks, Spiders)
-Chelicerae
-No Antennae and Simple eyes.
Southern Black Widow 
(L

Chelicarata
(Sea Spiders, Horseshoe Crabs, Ticks, Spiders)
-Chelicerae
-No Antennae and Simple eyes.
Southern Black Widow
(Latrodectus Mactans)

Nematoda (Roundworm)

Nematoda (Roundworm)

Deuterostomia
-Radial Cleavage
-indeterminate Cleavage
-Fate of Blastospore: Anus.

Echinodermata
-Water Vascular System
-Tube feet

Asteriodea
(Sea Stars and Sea Daisies)
-Arms Radiating out
-tube Feet
Begins digestion outside of body
Giant Sea Star 
(Pisas

Asteriodea
(Sea Stars and Sea Daisies)
-Arms Radiating out
-tube Feet
Begins digestion outside of body
Giant Sea Star
(Pisaster gigantaeus)

Ophiuroidea
(Brittle Stars)
-Central disk with long flexible arms
serpentine Movements
Serpent Star
(Ophiura ophiura)

Ophiuroidea
(Brittle Stars)
-Central disk with long flexible arms
serpentine Movements
Serpent Star
(Ophiura ophiura)

Echinodea
(Sea urchins and Sand Dollars)
-No arms
-5 radially arranged groups of feet
Purple Sea Urchin
(Strongylocentrotus p

Echinodea
(Sea urchins and Sand Dollars)
-No arms
-5 radially arranged groups of feet
Purple Sea Urchin
(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)

Holothuroidea
(Sea Cucumbers)
-No Spine
-Reduced Endoskeleton
Elongated in Oral-arboral axis
California Sea Cucumber
(Apostic

Holothuroidea
(Sea Cucumbers)
-No Spine
-Reduced Endoskeleton
Elongated in Oral-arboral axis
California Sea Cucumber
(Apostichopus Californicus)

Chordata
-Notochord
-Hollow Dorsal Nerve Chord
-Pharynagial Slits
-Post Anal Tail

Subtopic

Vertebral Column
-Cranium
-Catilaginous Skeleton
-Ectotherm

Subtopic

-Lungs or Lung Derivatives

Lobed Fins

-Limbs with digits

-Amniotic Egg
-Endothermy (birds)

Reptilia
(Turtles, Snakes, Crocodiles,Birds)
-Ectothermy (non-bird reptiles)
Green Sea Turtle
(Chelonia mydas)

Reptilia
(Turtles, Snakes, Crocodiles,Birds)
-Ectothermy (non-bird reptiles)
Green Sea Turtle
(Chelonia mydas)

Mammalia
(Mammals)
-Milk
-Hair
American Black Bear
(Ursus americanus)

Mammalia
(Mammals)
-Milk
-Hair
American Black Bear
(Ursus americanus)

Amphibia
(Frogs, Salamanders)
Red Eye Tree Frog
(Agalychnis calldryas)

Amphibia
(Frogs, Salamanders)
Red Eye Tree Frog
(Agalychnis calldryas)

Lobe Fin-Fishes
Caelacanth 
(Latimera chalumnae)

Lobe Fin-Fishes
Caelacanth
(Latimera chalumnae)

Ray-Finned Fishes
Blue Tang
(paracanthus hepatus)

Ray-Finned Fishes
Blue Tang
(paracanthus hepatus)

Chondrichtyes
(Sharks, Rays, Chimeras)
Great White Shark
(Carcharodon carcharias

Chondrichtyes
(Sharks, Rays, Chimeras)
Great White Shark
(Carcharodon carcharias

Agnathans
(Lampreys and Hagfish)
Pacific Hagfish

Agnathans
(Lampreys and Hagfish)
Pacific Hagfish

Urchordata
(Tunicates)
-Metamorphesis in adult stage
 (loss of chordate characteristics)
Sea Peaches
(Halocynthia auratium)

Urchordata
(Tunicates)
-Metamorphesis in adult stage
(loss of chordate characteristics)
Sea Peaches
(Halocynthia auratium)

Cephalochordata
(Lancelets)
-Bladelike Shape
(Branchiostoma Lanceoiatum)

Cephalochordata
(Lancelets)
-Bladelike Shape
(Branchiostoma Lanceoiatum)

Choanoflagellates
-Ancestral Colonial

...

Subtopic

Fungi_
-cell walls with chitin
-zygotic lifestyle
-multicellularity

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)

Black Bread Mold
(Rhizopus Stolonifer)

Black Bread Mold
(Rhizopus Stolonifer)

Amebozoa
-Pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes

Archaea
-Ether Bonds (derived from ester bonds).

Foraminifera

Foraminifera