PLACES AND MANNER OF THE ARTICULATIONS

Sounds production
Raise the tongue to the alveolar ridge to
block the airflow

An alveolar consonant sound is produced when the obstruction to airflow takes place at the alveolar ridge. The airflow obstruction is caused by the tongue and the way it makes contact with the alveolar ridge

t tie

d die

n night

l light

z zoo

s sue

8 types of alveoral consonant sounds

Alveolar Plosive

Alveolar Nasal

Alveolar Fricative

Alveolar Approximant

Alveolar Lateral Approximant

Behind your hard palate you have the velum or soft palate. Unlike the bony hard palate in front of it, the this consists of soft, mucousy tissue

sounds

k

curl

g

girl

ŋ

rang

You make Velar Consonants when you raise the back of your tongue to the velum to block or restrict airflow

Sounds production:
The tongue blocks the airflow at the point just
beyond the alveolar ridge

ʃ shoe, pressure

Ʒ pleasure

ʧ cheap

ʤ jeep

Post-alveolar consonants are those that occur when the tongue blocks or constricts airflow at the point just beyond the alveolar ridge

You create Palatal consonants when you raise the tongue to this point and constrict airflow

/j/ as in yes and bayou

The roof of your mouth is the hard palate. You may know it as “the place that burns like hell when I eat pizza that is too hot''

Nasal consonants are created when you completely block air flow through your mouth and let the air pass through your nose

There are three nasal consonants

/m/ – “mad” and “clam” – oral passage is blocked by closing the lips (bilabial)

/n/ – “no” and “man‘ – oral passage is blocked by pressing tongue tip against the alveolar ridge (alveolar)

/ŋ/ – “going” and “funk” – Oral passage is blocked by pressing the the back of your tongue against the soft palate (velar)

Fricative sounds involve only a partial blockage of the vocal tract so that air has to be forced through a narrow channel

The English fricative sounds are as follows:

/s/ – “suit” – air is forced through tongue and alveolar ridge (alveolar)
/z/ –''jazz” – air is forced through tongue and alveolar ridge (alveolar)

/ʃ/ –''brash” – air is forced through the tongue and point just beyond alveolar ridge (post-alveolar) /ʒ/ – “measure” – air is forced through the tongue and point just beyond alveolar ridge (post-alveolar)

/θ/ – “thick” – air is forced through upper teeth and tongue (dental)
/ð/ – rather” – air is forced through upper teeth and tongue (dental)

/h/ – “happy”– actually /h/ isn’t a fricative. It’s technically not even a real consonant sound since there’s no constriction/obstruction of airflow

/f/ – “fro” and “calf“- air is forced through the upper teeth and lower lip (labiodental)
/v/ – “vine” – air is forced through the upper teeth and lower lip (labiodental)

There are three English approximants:

/w/ – “wet” and “howard” – back of tongue raises to velum (but not too close!) and lips are rounded (velar)

Approximants are when two articulators come close together but not quite close enough to create air turbulence

/j/ – “yes” and “bayou” – tongue raises to hard palate (but not too close!) (palatal)

/ɹ/ – “right” and “roar” – tongue raises to hard palate (but not too close) (alveolar/post-alveolar)

Sounds production:
block the airflow by placing the slimy tongue
against the upper teeth

θ thin

ð this

The dental consonants are so named because they are all made with the tongue against the teeth

Sounds production:
block the airflow out of the
mouth by bringing the lips
together

[P] When you produce a voiceless bilabial plosive [p] you completely close the lips for a short period. Example: apple

The [B] sound does not have an air escape like “p.Remind the child to cover “the lips. Example: buy

[M]Place one finger on a horizontal surface under your lower lip or slide it over your lips. Example: mute

[W] a voiced labial velar approximant. It's produced like a very short [u] vowel. Example: wood

Sounds production:
block the airflow by curling the
lower lip back and raising it to
touch the upper row teeth

F free - /fɹi:/

The partial obstruction in the case of the /f/ and /v/ sounds is caused by the teeth making contact with the lip, causing only small gaps for air to be released in between the teeth

V view - /vju:/

/h/ as in “hi” and “Bahamas.” Say these words and notice how you’re not actually constricting or blocking airflow for this /h/ sound

H: hi

/?/ – This is actually the culprit behind many of the “silent syllables”

ʔ kitten

stop consonants occur when the vocal tract is closed completely

English contains the following stop consonants

/p/ – purse and rap – oral passage is blocked by closing the lips (bilabial)

/b/ – “cab” – oral passage is blocked by closing the lips (bilabial)

/t/ – “tab” and “rat” – oral passage is blocked by pressing the tongue tip against the alveolar ridge (alveolar)

/d/ – “dip” and “bad” – oral passage is blocked by pressing the tongue tip against the alveolar ridge (alveolar)

/k/ – “kite” and “back” – block airflow with the back of the tongue against the soft palate (velar)

/g/ – “good” and “bug” – block airflow with the back of the tongue against the soft palate (velar)

The English affricate sounds are:

ffricate consonants start as stop sounds with air building up behind an articulator which then releases through a narrow channel as a fricative

/tʃ/ – “chick” – air is blocked with tongue just beyond the alveolar ridge (post-alveolar), then released as a fricative.
/dʒ/ – “jam” – air is blocked with tongue just beyond the alveolar ridge (post-alveolar), then released as a fricative.

Lateral consonants are when the tongue blocks the the middle of your mouth so that air has to pass around the sides

Here is one lateral consonant in English:

l/ – “luck”- place the tip of the tongue at the alveolar ridge (alveolar)