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diversity map

Eukaryote

Plantae

Animalia

Arthropods

Chordates

Vertebrate

Mammals

Primates

Gorillas , chimp

- thumbs - flexible hip and shoulder - nails or claws - can walk on two feet

Rodentia

Hamsters , rats

Two pairs of incisors Gap between incisors and molars Complex jaw musculature Baculum (penis bone)

Carnivorous - eats other animals to survive

Placenta order

humans

nourished placenta

Marsupials

Kangaroo

small immature fetus

Monotreme

duck

egg layers

- has hair - 4 heart chamber - lactation (females ) - three middle ear bone

Agnathans

Lampreys (look like leech), Hagfish (produce slime when irritated)

Notochord persists into the adult animal. Do not have hinged jaws or bony skeletons. No paired limbs Skeleton of cartilage

- turns into adult animal - no hinged jaw - no impaired limbs - skeleton cartilage

Gnathostomata

Reptiles

Turtles

- 3 chambered hearts - clawed toes - anomtic egg

Aves

_Feathers Hollow bones with air sacs Gizzard Endothermic (warm blooded) Amniotic egg 4 chambered heart Forelimbs are wings

Chicken

Amphibians

Frogs

The amniotic egg internal fertilization water tight skin

- young 2 chambered - adults 3 - gills , lungs , skin for respiration - live on land and water - fertilized externally

The body is dived into 3 parts regions : head , neck , body - two part appendages ( arms/legs) -closed circulatory system (blood veins ) - lungs or gills are respiratory - two layered skin epidermis and dermis (outer and inner )

Cephalochordate

Invertebrates - filter feeder ( the suck water through their gills and use gills as filters )

Urochordate

- display chordate characteristics - once settled they place anchor (metamorphosis ) - results in losing chordate characteristics

- Dorsal nerve cord - develops into nervous tissues (humans) -supports body - paired gills slits -tail runs past anus

Mollusca

Echinoderm

Star fish

Marine living only 5 paert radial symmetry around a cetral disc no head , but has tube feet

visceral - contains organs mantle - thin layer of tissue which covers most of the body like a cloak foot - tentacles for catching prey shells - made by glands in mantle body plan : many have protective shells

Gastropods

- Found in marine , Freshwater -have radula use to scrape land - others are carnivorous

Bivalves

- 2 part shell held by strong muscles - no head - filter food by water passing over gills and sweep into their mouths

Cephalopods

- fast moving -intelligent - excellent vision (octopus visual learners ) - only class with closed circulatory system

Annelida (segmented worm)

Coelomate : true fluid filled body digestive tract closed circulatory system ( blood lives in vessels )

Nematoda (round worms )

pseudocoelomate: doesnt have true body cavity bilateral symmetry digesgetive track ( goes in 1 way comes out other ) like cnidaria

Platyhelminthes (flat worms)

Planaria has a pharynx that collects food - carnivorous

blood fluke : free living / parasitic - humans tend to be a host

Acoeclomate: filled with cells - bilaterally symmetrical -3 tissue layers (meso,ecto,endoderm ) - no coelom - no circulatory , or skeleton - induced planaria (fluke)

Chelicerates

- 2 body segments - six appendages ( 4 walking , 2 chelicerae and pedipals ) which is mouth - no mandibles or antenna

Crustaceans

- has mandibles - compound eyes -appendages (2 toes )

Myriapods

- has antenna - myriads of legs - mandibles (mouth)

Cnidaria

Jellyfish

1st animal to grow sensitive tentacles - able to feel whats around them

Porifera

sponges

First animals on earth

Anthophyta

Flowering plant: reproduction is inside of flower - pollination is method used to carry seeds and gametes (gametes microscopic )

- two cotleydon ( peas) - produces 2 leaves - stems get thicker with age - flowers in 4-5 -lage primary root and small secondary

- only one cotyledon (corn ) - seed germinates only prouduces 1 leaf - stems are flesh like and un branched - three parts to flower - parallel pattern - roots = small branching - sepals usally same colour

Cycadophyta

- naked seeds - not covered with fruit - sporophyyte produces M and F cones - four phyla : cycads, conifers , ginkgo

Lycophyta

- club mosses - vasuclar tissue - live is moist places - sperm swims to egg - leaves referred to as fronds -sporphyte

Bryophyta

Subtopic

- mosses - doesn't have vascular tissue -small - appear leafy but lack true stems , roots/ leaves

To prevent loss moisture : - have waxy coat - guard cells - contorl exchabge of gases (stomata )

- multi cellular - cell wall made of cellulose - Contain chlorophyll a and b - Alternation of generations - 1. genrationis gametophytes - 2. sporophyte ( release spores)

Fungi

Mycota is the imperfect fungi - E.g Hyphomycetes

Hyphomycetes

Basidiomycota is a "club fungi " - E.g Mushrooms

Mushrooms

Ascomycota are sac funges - E.g , yeast , truffles

yeast sac fungus

Zygomycota is common molds -E.g , Bread mold

black bread mold

Protista

Three Groups

Fungi-like protists: -cant make their own food -Majority decompose-rs - sucks up nutrients form other living - likes Cool, shady , most places - leaves trails of slimy substance when they travel - E.g slime molds

Apicomplex

Plasmodium

Animal like protists AKA Protoza: - many are diseas causing - must ingest food . Receives food two different ways 1. Holozoic( eats food through endocytosisi ) , 2. Saprozic( absorb predigest food ) - Reproduces by binary fission -lives in water - E.g Amodea

Ciliophora

Paramecium

Plant like protists : - has Chloroplasts to carry photosynthesis - Asexual reproduction (binary fission) , sexual conjugation - Lives in wet , moist environments - E.g Algae

Rhodophyta

Red algae

- can be unicellular or multi cellular - heterotrophs and autotrophs - Reproduces asexually (binary fisson) little exchange of DNA - aquatic environments are its home: fresh/ salt water , animal fluids , damp area -Eukaryotic : has nucleus , vacuoles , and mitochondria -small able to see under light microscope -move using pseudos (ameba) , cilia(paramecium) , flagella (euglena) -

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Shape: - coccus: round - Bacillus : Rod -Sprillum: Spiral Aggregation: - Mono: one -Diplo: two - Strepto: Chain -Staphylo: Clump Gram reaction: - purple = positive - red or colorless =negative

S.Minus (sprillum )

Corynebacterium

Streptococcus

- cell wall made up of carbohydrates for protection -cell membrane -flagella to get around - cytoplasm

-unicellular ( consist of single cell) -prokaryotes - single chromosomes form small piece of floating DNA called plasmid

Archaeans

- the oldest organism -can live in earths most harsh environment -thrives in really hot, acidic and salty conditions

Archaebacteria

Anaerobic methanogens

pyrobolobus

-mainly live in gut of animals -or bottom of methane - which is how gas is produced on earth

Thermophilies

- bacteria that can tolerate extreme hot weathers - these bacteria live naturally forming hot springs

Halophiles

Halo bacterium

- salt loving bacteria - lives in extreme salt conditons - dead sea -