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Arthropods
Chordates
Vertebrate
Mammals
Primates
Gorillas , chimp
- thumbs - flexible hip and shoulder - nails or claws - can walk on two feet
Rodentia
Hamsters , rats
Two pairs of incisors Gap between incisors and molars Complex jaw musculature Baculum (penis bone)
Carnivorous - eats other animals to survive
Placenta order
humans
nourished placenta
Marsupials
Kangaroo
small immature fetus
Monotreme
duck
egg layers
- has hair - 4 heart chamber - lactation (females ) - three middle ear bone
Agnathans
Lampreys (look like leech), Hagfish (produce slime when irritated)
Notochord persists into the adult animal. Do not have hinged jaws or bony skeletons. No paired limbs Skeleton of cartilage
- turns into adult animal - no hinged jaw - no impaired limbs - skeleton cartilage
Gnathostomata
Reptiles
Turtles
- 3 chambered hearts - clawed toes - anomtic egg
Aves
_Feathers Hollow bones with air sacs Gizzard Endothermic (warm blooded) Amniotic egg 4 chambered heart Forelimbs are wings
Chicken
Amphibians
Frogs
The amniotic egg internal fertilization water tight skin
- young 2 chambered - adults 3 - gills , lungs , skin for respiration - live on land and water - fertilized externally
The body is dived into 3 parts regions : head , neck , body - two part appendages ( arms/legs) -closed circulatory system (blood veins ) - lungs or gills are respiratory - two layered skin epidermis and dermis (outer and inner )
Cephalochordate
Invertebrates - filter feeder ( the suck water through their gills and use gills as filters )
Urochordate
- display chordate characteristics - once settled they place anchor (metamorphosis ) - results in losing chordate characteristics
- Dorsal nerve cord - develops into nervous tissues (humans) -supports body - paired gills slits -tail runs past anus
Mollusca
Echinoderm
Star fish
Marine living only 5 paert radial symmetry around a cetral disc no head , but has tube feet
visceral - contains organs mantle - thin layer of tissue which covers most of the body like a cloak foot - tentacles for catching prey shells - made by glands in mantle body plan : many have protective shells
Gastropods
- Found in marine , Freshwater -have radula use to scrape land - others are carnivorous
Bivalves
- 2 part shell held by strong muscles - no head - filter food by water passing over gills and sweep into their mouths
Cephalopods
- fast moving -intelligent - excellent vision (octopus visual learners ) - only class with closed circulatory system
Annelida (segmented worm)
Coelomate : true fluid filled body digestive tract closed circulatory system ( blood lives in vessels )
Nematoda (round worms )
pseudocoelomate: doesnt have true body cavity bilateral symmetry digesgetive track ( goes in 1 way comes out other ) like cnidaria
Platyhelminthes (flat worms)
Planaria has a pharynx that collects food - carnivorous
blood fluke : free living / parasitic - humans tend to be a host
Acoeclomate: filled with cells - bilaterally symmetrical -3 tissue layers (meso,ecto,endoderm ) - no coelom - no circulatory , or skeleton - induced planaria (fluke)
Chelicerates
- 2 body segments - six appendages ( 4 walking , 2 chelicerae and pedipals ) which is mouth - no mandibles or antenna
Crustaceans
- has mandibles - compound eyes -appendages (2 toes )
Myriapods
- has antenna - myriads of legs - mandibles (mouth)
Cnidaria
Jellyfish
1st animal to grow sensitive tentacles - able to feel whats around them
Porifera
sponges
First animals on earth
Flowering plant: reproduction is inside of flower - pollination is method used to carry seeds and gametes (gametes microscopic )
- two cotleydon ( peas) - produces 2 leaves - stems get thicker with age - flowers in 4-5 -lage primary root and small secondary
- only one cotyledon (corn ) - seed germinates only prouduces 1 leaf - stems are flesh like and un branched - three parts to flower - parallel pattern - roots = small branching - sepals usally same colour
- naked seeds - not covered with fruit - sporophyyte produces M and F cones - four phyla : cycads, conifers , ginkgo
- club mosses - vasuclar tissue - live is moist places - sperm swims to egg - leaves referred to as fronds -sporphyte
Subtopic
- mosses - doesn't have vascular tissue -small - appear leafy but lack true stems , roots/ leaves
Hyphomycetes
Mushrooms
yeast sac fungus
black bread mold
Fungi-like protists: -cant make their own food -Majority decompose-rs - sucks up nutrients form other living - likes Cool, shady , most places - leaves trails of slimy substance when they travel - E.g slime molds
Apicomplex
Plasmodium
Animal like protists AKA Protoza: - many are diseas causing - must ingest food . Receives food two different ways 1. Holozoic( eats food through endocytosisi ) , 2. Saprozic( absorb predigest food ) - Reproduces by binary fission -lives in water - E.g Amodea
Ciliophora
Paramecium
Plant like protists : - has Chloroplasts to carry photosynthesis - Asexual reproduction (binary fission) , sexual conjugation - Lives in wet , moist environments - E.g Algae
Rhodophyta
Red algae
S.Minus (sprillum )
Corynebacterium
Streptococcus
pyrobolobus
-mainly live in gut of animals -or bottom of methane - which is how gas is produced on earth
- bacteria that can tolerate extreme hot weathers - these bacteria live naturally forming hot springs
Halo bacterium
- salt loving bacteria - lives in extreme salt conditons - dead sea -
