How colonial rule impacted the change in the social structure of India. Was the new structure a reason for Indian nationalism

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How did colonial rule impact the change in the social structure of India? Was the new structure a reason for Indian nationalism?

Effects on the social structure

new classes

modern proletariate

working class (working in the new factories)

mainly impoverished peasants and artisans

modern bourgeoisie

landlords

industrialists

Villages

Caste panchayats lose their legal control

Village panchayats lose their legal control

New classes emerge

new class of money lenders

new class of merchants

Proprietor peasants

Absentee landlords

Zamindar

Land becomes a commodity

sell, buy, collateral

Changes due to Colonial rule

Cultural

modern press

modern english education

free of caste, gender considerations

Political

India councils act, 1861

representation of Indians in services

Administrative

New justice system

Civil/criminal courts

Criminal procedure code

Economic

Single currency

rail transport system

new industries

jute, steel, cotton mills

new land revenue system

Pre-British India

Cities

limited market since village is impenetrable

Classes mainly serve the upper classes and aristocracy

mainly populated by aristocrats, artisans, knowledge, military classes

Village

self sufficient system

absence of cash transactions

artisans, workmen- servants of village

peasants -leasers for generations

common land

Simple unchangeable asiatic societies- Karl Marx

Village republics- Charles Metcalfe