The Channel Spaces

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The Channel Spaces

Contact zone

Channel Tunnel

European migrant crisis (2015)

migrants gathered in Calais hoping to reach the UK via the Channel Tunnel

a quarter of the goods moved between Britain and Europe.

since its opening = 430 million travelers have passed through the tunnel

world's longest undersea tunnel

underwater section covering 37.9 kilometers

50.45 kilometers (31.5 miles) long,

3 tunnels

1 service tunnel

2 rail tunnels used for freight and passenger trains

opening = 1994

Flows and exchanges

Since January 1971 = Dover TSS

was set up by the International Maritime Organization

world's first radar-controlled Traffic Separation Scheme

500 ships per day

world's busiest seaway

North Sea <--> Atlantic routes

UK <--> Europe

Barrier

consequences of the Brexit : fishing issues

Brexit

Britain sees Norway as a model. Oslo holds annual negotiations with the EU on access to waters. => this deal was approved by EU and UK in December 2022.

Britain become an independent coastal state

Brexit means escaping from the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) = a system that UK fishermen argue has cost jobs and livelihoods.

the UK will “take back control” and has full jurisdiction over the UK’s “spectacular maritime wealth”

Before the Brexit

France, Netherlands, Danemark, Ireland, Germany

EU boats annually land more than 700,000 tonnes of fish caught in UK waters

The majority of the EU catch is made in the North East Atlantic = British waters are a crucial part.

rich in staples of the European diet: cod, herring, mackerel and sole as well as shellfish such as langoustine.

since the 18th century, French and European (7/8 members) fished in the English Channel

a high controlled border/space

port =

network of surveillance cameras

patrols of security guards with dogs and carbon dioxide detectors

protected by 16ft (5m) fences topped with coils of razor wire

customs checkpoint

documents checked by UK border staff

officers have guns, batons and body armor and are therefore equipped to clear out migrants

lorries move on to be either X-rayed or tested with a monitor which detects any heartbeats on board

£2,000 fine per stowaway

illegal immigration

who ?

from Iraq, Iran and Syria

The UK came in sixth with 37,000 first-time applicants

In 2018, more than 630,000 asylum seekers applied for international protection in the EU

by small boats

very dangerous

by hiding in trucks, ferries, cars, or trains : Channel Tunnel