CH 13,14,16

Gene Expression

Transcription

DNA-RNA

Mrna, Rrna, Trna

Translation

Ribosome translation site

Amino Acids

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

DNA

46 Chromosomes

Karyotype

Pedigree

Chromosomal analysis and genomic diseases

Polyploidy

Disomy

Aneuploidies

Nondisjunction

Abnormal chromosome Breaks

Result from Chromosomal error

Down syndrome

Turner Syndrome

XXY karyotype

Gene Regulation

Transcribe gene to form RNA

Translate RNA to form protein

Activate the protein

Transcriptional level control

Enzyme Regulation

Operon

Lactose induces Transcription of the lac operon

Some human disorders involve enzyme defects

Posttranscriptional control

Translational Control

Postranslational Control