Earth Science
Oceanography
Seafloor
Ocean Basin
Continental Shelf
Continental Slope
Abyssal Plains
Underwater Plain
On Deep Ocean Floor
Ridges and Trenches
Mid-ocean ridge
Underwater Mountain Range
Relatively Shallow
Subduction Zones
Trench
Long, Narrow Ditch
Mineral Resources
Continental Shelf Deposits
Deep-Water Deposits
Life in the ocean
Life Processes
Photosynthesis
Energy Relationships
Chemosynthesis
Other Life Processes
Ocean Life
Plankton
Microscopic Organism
Drift in Sea/Fresh Water
Nekton
Swim/Move Independently
Bottom Dwellers
Benthos
Dragonets
Hawkfish
Sandperches
Lizardfish
Ocean Margin Habitats
Beaches
Rocky Shore Areas
Esturaries
River Mouth
Ocean Waves and Tides
Waves
Describing Waves
Crest
Trough
Wave Movement
Breakers
How Water Waves Forms
Tide
Tidal Range
Extreme Tidal Ranges
Tidal Bores
The Gravitational Effect of the Moon
The Gravitational Effect of the Sun
Ocean Pollution
Sources of Pollution
Pollution
Sewage
Chemical Pollution
Oil Pollution
Solid-Waste Pollution
Sediment
Effects of Pollution
Controlling Pollution
Ocean Water
Importance of the Oceans
Varied Resources
Origin of Oceans
Basins
Composition of Oceans
Salts
Removal of Elements
Desalination
Desalination Plants
Ocean Currents
Surface Currents
The Gulf Stream
Tracking Surface Currents
Warm and Cold Surface Currents
UpWelling
Density Currents
Deep Waters
Intermediate Waters
Meteorology
Climate
La Nina
El Nino
Latitude
Temperate Zones
Polar Zones
Hibernation
High latitude
Tropics
Adaptions
Mountains
Subtopic
Rain Shadows
Subtopic
Subtopic
Subtopic
Large bodies of water
Ocean Currents
Seasons
Seasons are short periods of climate changes
Atmosphere
Mixture of gases, solids, and liquids
O3, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen
Dust, Salt, Ash
water
Lower Layer
Stratosphere (50 km)
Ozone layer
Oxygen filled layer ( the point and reason your even alive)
Ozone made up of 3 molecules instead of the normal 2.
Absorbs ultraviolet radiation
Ozone layer is getting thinner.
Ultraviolet rays destroy chlorofluorocarbons
Blame of global warming goes to CFC's
1. UV breaks up CFC molecule
2. A broken CFC molecule breaks ozone molecule
3. CFC connects with oxygen atom and abandons other molecules
4. Previously connected oxygen breaks
up the CFC and oxygen
5. Oxygen rejoins with oxygen
6. Broken CFC leaves to break up other ozone
Ozone hole
Comes around August and September
Arctic Circle
By December circle is gone
Ozone is unavailable during this fall
Troposphere (10 km)
The main air we breathe, play, and sleep in
Contains oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen as well
as other gases.
Upper layer
Exosphere (800)
Thermosphere (150)
Ionosphere (100)
Radio waves
Light charges radio waves
Waves reflect off of ionosphere
Electrically charged
"solar charged"
Able to transfer waves when "charged" at night
Mesosphere (85)
Atmospheric pressure
Gravity pulls troposphere closer to
the earth. This is the reason why life thrives towards the ground.
Molecules pressurized in troposphere.
Exosphere is the complete opposite of troposphere
Gravity brings layers closer
Temperature in the Atmosphere
Exosphere (over 800 C)
Mesosphere (-80 C and below)
Stratosphere (0 C and below)
Troposphere (20 C or below)
weather
wind
air temperature
cold
less amount of water vapor
on the bottom
hot
more amount of water vapor
on the top
storms
rain
water
clouds
hurricane
warm moist aie
temperature
hot
more molecules in air
low pressure
clouds
rain/storms
humid
feels sticky
cold
less molecules in air
high pressure
dry
snow
ice
below 0 celcious
Geology
Volcanoes
magma forced upward
crater
vents
Subtopic
trapped gases
quiet eruption
water vapor
Explosive Magma
Shield Volcanoes
shield Volcanoes
Cinder Cone
ash
lava
Names of volcanoes,eruption force, and production of volcano
Mount Etna, Sicily
moderate
lava, ash
Tambora, Indonesia
high
cinders, ash
Mount pelee, Martinique
high
gas, ash
Kraktau, Indonesia
high
cinders, ash
Vesuvius, Italy
moderate
lava, ash
Mount Katmai, Alaska
high
lava, ash, gas
Paricutin, Mexico
moderate
ash, cinders
Surtsey, Iceland
moderate
lava, ash
Mount St. Helens, Washington
high
gas, ash
Kilauea, Hawii
low
lava
Mount PIntatubo, Philippines
high
gas, ash
Soufriere Hills, Montserrat
high
gas,ash,rock
Popocatepetl, Mexico
moderate
gas,ash
water and land Erosion
runoff
sheet erosion
stream erosion
sand erosion
rill and gully erosion
channels
Earthquakes
plate tectonics
Types of Faults
normal faults
reverse faults
strike slip fault
Features of Earthquakes
Seismic waves
focus
primary waves
secondary waves
surface waves
epicenter
Measuring Seismic Waves
seismograph
Magnitude
liquefaction
tsunami
Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Intusive
Babbro
Diorite
Granite
Extrusive
Basalt
Scoria
Andesite
Subtopic
Rhyolite
Pumice
Obsidian
Formation Of Igneous Rocks
Magma
Lava
Intrusive Rocks
Extrusive Rocks
Volcanic Glass
Rock Cycle
1) Magma
Subtopic
2) Cooling
3) Igneous Rock
4) Weathering and Erosion
5) Sendements
Subtopic
6) Compact and Cementaion
7) Sedimentary Rock
8) Heat and Pressure
9) Metamorphic Rock
Subtopic
10) Melting
Metamorphic Rocks
Formation of Metamorphic Rocks
heat and pressure
hot fluids
Classifying Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated Rocks
Nonfoliated Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Sediments
Stacked Rocks
Upper layer
Exosphere (500 km)
Thermosphere (200 km)
Mesosphere (85 km)
(in between thermosphere and mesosphere)
Ionosphere (130 km)
Electrically charged
Radio waves can travel through this atmosphere.
Minerals
What is a mineral
Mineral
Mineral Characteristics
Mineral Characteristics
Atom Patterns
Structure of Minerals
Crystals
Crystals from magma
Magma
Crystals from solutions
Mineral Compositions and Groups
Silicates
Mineral Identification
Mineral Appearance
Hardness
Mohs Scale
Luster
Specific Gravity
Streak
Cleavage and Fracture
Uses of Mineral
Properties of Gems
germs
Useful Elements in Minerals
ores
Vein Minerals
Astronomy
Stars and Galaxies
Stars
Constellations
Light-year
Apparent Magnitude
Absolute Magnitude
The Sun
Photosphere
Chromosphere
Corona
Sunspot
Evolution of Stars
Nebula
Giant
White Dwarf
Supergiant
Neutron Star
Black Hole
Galaxies and the Universe
Galaxy
Big Bang Theory
The Solar System
The Solar System
Ideas About the Solar System
Earth-Centered Model
Sun-Centered Model
Modern View of the Solar System
How the Solar System Formed
Planet Formation
The Inner Planets
Inner Planets
Mercury
Does Mercury have an Atmosphere
Future Mission
Venus
Earth
Mars
The Viking Probes
Pathfinder and Global Surveyor
Odyssey and Mars Exploration Rovers
Outer Planets
Jupiter
Jupiter's Atmosphere
Great Red Spot
Moons of Jupiter
Saturn
Saturn's Atmospher
Rings and Moons
Uranus
Uranus's Characteristics
Neptune
Neptune's Characteristics
Dwarf Planets
Ceres
Pluto
Eris
Other Objects in the Solar System
Comets
Oort Cloud
Comet Hale-Bopp
Structure of Comets
Meteoroids, Meteors, Meteorites
Meteor Showers
Asteroids
Asteroid Sizes
Exploring Asteroids
The-Sun-Earth-Moon-System
Earth
Properties of Earth
Sphere Shape
Sphere
Additional Evidence
Rotation
axis
rotation
Magnetic Field
Magnetic Axis
What causes changing seasons
Orbiting the sun
Revolution
Ellipse
A Titled Axis
Radiation from the sun
Solstice
solstice
Equinox
Earth Data Review
The Moon Earth's Satellite
Motions Moons
Reflection of the sun
Subtopic
Exploring Earth's Moon
Impact Basin
Subtopic
Subtopic
Exploring Space
Radiation from Space
Electromagnetic Waves
Light from the Past
z
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Speed of Light
Optical Telescopes
Refracting Telescopes
Reflecting Telescope
Using Optical Telescopes
Observatories
Hubble Space Telescope
Large Reflecting Telescope
Active and Adaptive Optics
Radio Telescopes
Early Space Missions
The First Missions into Space
Rockets
Rocket Types
Rocket Launching
Satellites
satelite
orbit
Satellite Uses
Space Probes
Voyager and Pioneer Probes
Galileo
Moon Quest
Project Mercury
Project Gemini
Project Apollo
Current and Future Space Missions
The Space Shuttle
A Reusable Spacecraft
Space Shuttle
Work on the Shuttle
Space Stations
Space Station
Cooperation in Space
The International Space Station
Phases of ISS
Living in Space
Exploring Mars
New Millennium Project
Exploring the Moon
Cassini
The Next Generation Space Telescope
Everyday Space Technology