Indicates
Shows
comes from
produce
are
from
combine to form
into
into
is absorbed by
is from
to effect
use
use
which fuels their
this process also
use
Perform
Reduces
Adapt
Anchor
Supports
Includes
Involves
Use
Perform
Undergo
Have
Are
Role in Ecosystem
Common Characteristics
Develops
Evolves
Shifts
Becomes
then
indicates
Indicates
shows
is
branch into
dicreases
incresase
get signals of
branch into
Giant Panda
Giant Panda
contains a protein called
such as
such as
such as
is about
due
Humans
Giant Panda
and
such as
blood from the body goes to
gets oxygenated blood
gets deoxygenated blood
blood goes INTO the Heart in
blood LEAVES the Heart from
is made up of
is made up of
Transports through the body
is made up of
to
which gets stored in
which removes from the body
produces
after
that gets removed by
could come from the
stores
then the
then
in the
and
for giant Panda Contains
which absorbs
in
lastly
digestion continues and some obsorbtion starts
such as
gets from
and
are
Giant Panda has
food enters theough
follows that
food leaves through
has
to
starts at
using a process called
for Giant Panda
which are made by
with
using
which goes down
or
either
removes
and lastly
then
takes in
followed by
that take place in
the first process is
higher for
lower for
In
And
occurs in
Occurs between
for human and Giant Panda is
then
but adapted
why?
for Giant Panda
oxygen goes to
Giant Panda has relatively
through
Giant Panda have
to enter
unlike humans
All the way to
or
then goes down the
oxygen comes in through
to produce
goes through
example of osteichthyes
example of Reptilia is
example of Mammalia is
example of Aves is
Example
are decided by
are arranged in
have 8 category
The organsing of
Example
Example
Example
helps with
benefit
helps with
example
Helps determine
what is it?
example
what is it
example
Classifying life
third layer
refers
second layer
first layer
like
like
which have
like
which have
then it could be
then it could be
of the
Giant Panda have
are in the
of an organism can be seen by
coils up tightly and forms
makes
to form a
form
contain
contain
contain
combines with
building blocks are called
then
starting by
of
includes
then
first
involves
and the off spring will be
just like
needs
how Giant Panda produce
the off spring will be
needs
sates that
states that
states that
states that
states that
if they followed
then
then
if the
if the
the allels of a population are called
and he made
the study of
the study of
all the organisms have similar traits in
what's left of an organism form
can be
can be
helps find
helps find
can be
can be
helps find
helps find
can be
helps with finding
what's responsible for
the study of
supports
because of
because of
huge amount is
new
a groub
it could be
it could be
like if
like if
like if
which is a change on
are
accur only in
are not part of
occur only in
can be
can be
it can happen because
it can happen because
because of a
the movement of
causes
favors
favors
is either
is either
favors
have a higher chance of
have a higher chance of
can be
can be
can be
can be
organisms with traits that are
Was first discovered by
Giant Panda are 96-98% simalier to humans
then pump it to the
which travels food from
Can also be called
because they are
plants evaluation leads to more biodiversity which is better for the environment
gets air out of
are part of
occur in
then
Plant and animal both need energy to servial
As species evolves and changes, more Genetic Diversity happen
nutrients diffuse through the blood
helps with plant growth
The Giant Panda's sex cells undergo meiosis to produce offspring
Evoluation within specices create more biodiversity
fixes broken
to
are
the more diversity in the ecosystem, the more species we have
to
it needs plants (bamboo trees) to survive
Gets air into
which are
dicreases
which plumbs the blood into
the diversity within the species is cause by plant evolution
through
goes through
Giant Panda use it to produce offspring
formed by the merging of
stomach cells secretes
which is carried by
pimps in
Giant Panda are 96-98% simalier to humans
pairs up only with
are not
then goes to
in
increases
favors traits that inhance
There is evidence of evolution when we track changes in species
includes
are carried by
makes
because they are
the more genetic variation we have, the more diversity is in the ecosystem
into the
and
Leds to
Pairs up only with
happens if there was
in the
occurs in
these fossils shows plant evolution over time
Giant Panda fall under
form
such as
There is evidence of evolution when we track changes in species
we can track evolution by tarking DNA (Genetices) over time
are stored in
diffuse in
to produce
breaks down
causes by
It's mostly the same for Giant Panda except the Pandas are a herbivore and humans are omnivores.
high number of plants (plant diversity), the healthier the ecosystem is
through
there are many differnet types of plants. Each has its own genetics code
the more biodiversity we have, the more species will have, the better it is for the environment being able to take care of itself, the better chance we have at fighting climate change, a better chance for the plant to grow heather
needs
gets out
breaks down
Giant Panda

Giant Panda

Evolution

Machenism

nonrandom mating

natural selection

adapted

survival

reproduction

Stablilising

average traits

Sexual

male- male competition

female mate choice

Disruptive

over 2 extreme

Directional

extreme traits

gene flow

genetic variation

allels

population's migration

mutation

Damaged radiation/ chemicals

errors during cell division

Somatic

body cells

Evolution

germline

germ cells (egg and sperm)

inherated

types of germline mutations

chromosome mutations

a whole chromosome

point mutations

the nitrogenous base of a DNA sequence

a base gets added

a base gets removed

a base gets replace

DNA sequence

genetic drift

reducing

the founder effect

colonize

habitat

The bottleneck effect

wiped out

natural disaster

human actions

Evidence

biogeography

continents theory

geographic distribution of species

variations in distribution

non migrants

Habitation patterns

DNA

Fossils

foot prinet

location/ migration

cause of extintion

bones

teeth

age

size and weight

feces

whole organisms

trace/remains

emprylogy

early stages

development of an organism

Artificial Selection

choose wanted traits of a species

adaptable

benificial

comparative Anatomy

body structures of species

Anatomical evidence

Anatomical evidence

vestigial features

Homologous Features

Analogous Features

common ancestory

Hardy-Weinberg

Hardy-Weinberg

The Hardy-Weinberg equations

allele frequency changed

evolution happeded

allele frequency stayed the same

no evolution happened

Hardy Weinberg (H-W) conditions

Hardy Weinberg (H-W) conditions

random mating

no mutations

no natural selection

met the conditio

isolated population (no gene flow)

huge population

Gene pool

Genetics

reproducation

asexual

one parent

identical

sexual

off spring through live birth

humans

two parents

half identical

2 processes

meiosis

2 stages

2 stages

cell diviaion

meiosis 1

prophase 1

metaphase 1

Anaphase 1

Telophase 1

meiosis 2

prophase2

metaphse2

Anaphase 2

Telophase 2

fertilization

DNA

nucleotides

nitrogenous base

Cytosine (C)

Thymine (T)

Guanine (G)

Adenine (A)

phosphate groub

'backbone'

sugar

molecule that is composed of two chains that coil around each other

doulbe helix shape

protien

chromatin

chromosomes

karyotype

karyotype

nucleus

cell

42 chromosomes

monohybrid cross

Hetrozygous

different alleles

Bb

Homozygous

same alleles

bb

BB

Biodiversity

Genetic Diversity

the variation of genes within the same species

Ecosystem Diversity

the range of physical shapes and sizes of habitats, and the communities in an ecosystem

to the number and variety of species and ecosystems on earth.

Species Diversity

The variety of species within an ecosystem.

the health of an ecosystem

Why is it important?

Economic Reasons

Lumber, fishery catches, agriculture, livestock, recreation

Medicine

much of our ability to fight diseases and infections (and to find new cures) comes from organisms found all over the world.

Nature’s Service to Humans and ecosystems

Clean water, clean air, sources of food, soil for agriculture, pollinating effect of many insects, etc.

Taxonomy

Organisims

Kingdoms

bacterica

plantea

fungi

archaea

animalia

protists

Factors

cell type

embryonic development

fossil records

anatomy

Cell number

how energy is obtained

DNA

biochemistry

eukaryotic

protesta

microscopic

single celled

phyla

animalia

phylum Proifera

phylum Cnidaria

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Phylum Nematoda

Phylum Annelida

Phylum Mollusca

Phylum Arthropoda

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Chordata

plantea

Division Bryophyta

Division Pteridophyta

Division Coniferophyta

Division Anthophyta

fungi

Mushrooms, yeast and molds

prokaryotic

archaea

extreme environment

bacteria

modern bacteria

Levels

Life

Domain

Kingdom

Pylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Aves, chonfdrichthyes, osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia and Mammalia.

birds

mammals

turtles, snakes and lizards

bony fish

Systems

Respiratory system

cellular respiration

energy

process

Nose

pharynx ( Throat)

Trachea

Lungs

Bronchi

Alveoli

Numerous, adapted for lower metabolic rate

large lunges capacity

to support its large body size and to sustain its energy needs.

simlair structure

to support its vocalizations and breathing needs.

Giant Panda has a shared pathway for both food and air.

Mouth

ventilation

Inhalation

automatic

Exhalation

Gas Exchange

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

low temperatures

Body Cells

Respiratory Rate

Giant Panda

humans

Human and Giant Panda respiratory system is the same because we are both mammals

Digestive system

4 Major funcation

ingestion

digestion

absorption

egestion

body waste

food

mechinically

teeth and tongue

chemicaly

saliva

salivary glands

Mainly lubricates food, minimal enzyme activity

esophagus

peritalsis

GI tract

mouth

stomach

liquids

stomach acid

mucus

Enzyms

Amylase

pepsin

lipase

duodenum

pancreas

pancreas juice

a base

pyloric sphincter

small intestine

Jejunum

ileum

villi

large intestine

water

vitamens

colon

cecum

rectum

waste

liver

Detoxification

alcohol and toxins

bile

gal bladder

storage

anus

symbiotic bacteria

aid in breaking down cellulose

Gastoesphageal Sphincter

Less acidic environment compared to humans, as bamboo does not require strong acids for initial breakdown.

Circulatory System

The Heart

chamers

Vintricles

Right vintricle

left vintricle

Atrium

Right Atrium

left Atrium

Aorta

vessels

pulmonary veins

Superior and inferior vena Cava

pulmonary Arteries

Valves

Semilunar valves

Atrioventricular valves

Heart Rate

Lower resting heart rate

to lower metabolic rate.

Average resting heart rate

60-100 beats per minute.

Materials

water

Nutrients

protien

carbohydrate(glocouse)

lipids

Hormones

Blood

red blood cells

Hemoglobin

have a higher affinity for oxygen to maximize uptake in thin air.

They are adapted to transport oxygen in high-altitude, low-oxygen environments efficiently.

White blood Cells

plasma

platelet

Blood vessels

Arteries

Arterioles

Vasodilation

blood flow

vasoconstriction

diameter

Capilaeries

Veins

Vinules

Plants

Effect of Water on Seed Germination

Germinating and Thriving

Started to Germinate

Roots shriveling

No Germination, No Change

Some Seeds Germinate, Roots Rotting

Trends Across All Kingdoms

Prokaryotic

Aquatic

Unicellular

Specialized Organelles

Specialized Organs/Body Systems:

Multicellular

Terrestrial

Eukaryotic

Trends in Kingdom Plantae

Eukaryotic

Autotrophic

Cell Wall

Alternation of Generations (reproduction)

Photosynthesis

Primary Producers in Food Chains

Utilize Visible Light for Photosynthesis

Plant Evolution

Transition from Water to Land

Adaptations to Terrestrial Conditions

Stem

Roots

Seeds

Cuticle

Leaves

photosynthesis

convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose

growth, reproduction and metabolic activities.

light energy

molecules are split

hydrogen ions

Glocouse molecules

oxygen ions

oxygen molecules

sun

chloroplasts

Green leaf or stem cells

oxygen molecules

carbon dioxide molecules

air

water

produces oxygen as a byproduct, which is importance for most life on Earth, and helps regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination

Little or No Germination in Most Seeds

Good Germination (Young Shoots and Roots Present)