Hospitals In The General Community

One of the main priorities
of doctors and nurses is to
prevent malnutrition.

Providing fresh, local food.
The menu consists of a variety of food

fish

helps with absorbing
calcium and phosphorus to
improve the structure
of bones and teeth.

are proteins that contain
amino acids that are not
produced by our own bodies.

broken down by enzymes like pepsin,
released by the stomach, to break down the
proteins into amino acids.

Erepsin in the small
intestine that does the final
digestion of the protein, converting
peptides into the amino acids.

fishes contain the amino acids cystine,
threonine, lysine, methionine and tryptophan

allows the patient to build their structural components stronger. Patients that are especially in long term care do not have the opportunity to exercise and make their body structure strong, as it should be. With these supplements, patients now have the opportunity to have a better bone structure in their body.

lean red meat

contains vitamin B12

help with building a healthy nervous system, growth, wound healing, red blood cell production, etc.

can be beneficial to the patients, as
the more red blood cell production there is,
there will be an increase in oxygen levels.

natural wound healing is much more beneficial than when doctors have to perform additional surgery or provide additional medication to speed up the healing. these medications often given by medical care workers have symptoms that can do more bad than good. Therefore, this vitamin supplement is much more beneficial.

nuts

good sources

Vitamin E

help with stabilizing
the cell membrane,
and protecting red blood cells.

is very beneficial to the hospital
patients who are prone to infectious diseases. With the help of Vitamin E, their cell membranes can be stronger and better protected from invading viruses and bacteria.

magnesium

help with body
cell development,
growth and body acitivty.

can also be used as
antacids and laxatives.

patients that take magnesium supplements can have one less thing to worry about, and that is infectious diseases. With an increase in cell development, including white blood cells, they have a healthier way of combating infection and pathogens.

low fat milk
and yogurt

a good source of vitamin
B12

helps red blood cell production,
growth, wound healing, healthy bones
and teeth and helps with proper digestion.

is highly beneficial to patients as they receive more energy, faster wound healing and proper digestion allows them to absorb their nutrients and use it in a productive way for the body to benefit from. Patients that sit in hospital beds all day do not necessarily digest their foods properly, but with these supplements, they can properly receive their nutrients.

contains both a monosaccharide,
galactose, and a disaccharide,
lactose.

help with providing
and transporting energy to
body cells.

is very important to patients that need the energy to complete their daily activities. It is important for patients to be active, if they are able to, to make sure their energy is being restored. With these supplements, transporting more and more energy to the body cells helps them to function better and efficiently.

digesting, the lactose will be
broken down until it becomes a simple sugar to be properly used by the body.

the help of enzymes, like amylase,
are released from the pancreas and the
salivary glands to break down the complex
carbohydrates.

legumes

rich

Vitamin B

helps with red blood cell production,
release energy from food, healthy bones, and teeth, wound healing, etc.

patients in hospitals usually don't
contain enough energy, however,
Vitamin B would be a good supplement

the more that they produce strong red blood cells, the more iron and oxygen that is being produced. his boost in red blood cell production is highly beneficial to the patients, providing the energy, and to the medical caregivers as they do not have to worry about providing additional medication in order for them to supplement their nutritional needs.

Vitamin A

help with growth,
good eyesight, healthy skin

Vitamin K

help with blood clotting,
wound healing

this helps with
patients who may have wounds
or internal bleeding. Clotting the
blood helps with excess blood loss and
fixes the wound at a faster rate.

helping patients with medical
necessities to support their body, and
maintain it in homeostasis

protect the patients from
contracting and spreading
deadly diseases

enforcing different
types of vaccines

live attenuated

the weakened version
of the pathogen inserted in
a vaccine

measles, mumps,
rubella, oral polio,
etc.

killed

the inactivated/killed
version of the pathogen
inserted inside a vaccine.

polio vaccine

influenza

a highly contagious and prominent
disease that hospitals are constantly
treating.

can result in severe infection, which is
when the patients would be hospitalized. Doctors will prescribe antiviral medication such as tamiflu, relenza, etc.

reduced hospitalization rates by
50% and shorten the illness by a day.
This is easier for doctors to focus on
other patients that require direct help.

deal mainly with children,
seniors and pregnant women
and their fetuses as their immune
system is weaker. Hospitalization is
especially high for children ages 0-4.

diagnose the patients by taking lab tests using molecular detection of the virus in clinical specimens. The doctor could also order for serology to finding specific pathogens.

toxoid

contains the toxins
produced by pathogen.
The harmless toxins are
inserted in the vaccine.

diptheria, tetanus, etc.

component

contains sub units of
the pathogen

hepatitis A

if the patient has already contracted
the disease and is in risk of infection,
doctors will prescribe antiviral medication
such as viread, epivir,etc.

hepatitis B

administering antibiotics

fight of bacterial infections.

for patients that are in intensive care.

are in risk of contracting bacterial diseases

acinetobacter baumannii

reason behind as to why these patients are in risk of contracting the disease is because their immune system is weakened.

now doctors must take the extra step
to prevent them from contracting any
contagious diseases by providing the necessary antiviral/antibiotic medication

due to patients constantly under medication as their immune system is weaker than usual, bacterium are more capable of mutating

antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

is highly dangerous to patients
with the weak immune system as
the bacterium can easily affect the patients
health.

there are more patients that are capable of contracting the disease. Doctors now have to deal with patients with longer hospital stays.

other problems that doctors in hospitals must deal with

extra money being spent
by hospitals to fund for more
medications to treat the patients
that cannot use antibiotics. This
can result in debt.

extra steps in hygiene to prevent
the transmission of the bacterial
disease.

results in the immune system working ten times harder to remove the bacteria.

with the help of vaccinations provided by doctors, the immune system, utilizing its immunological memory can kill the bacterium. B cells help with producing the antibodies post vaccination and T cells kill the invaders.

doctors highly advise, and 90% of the time do, provide vaccinations to highly contractible diseases beforehand to build immunity.

they treat patients that have infectious
diseases

tuberculosis

a highly dangerous, and easily spread disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

is easily spread by airborne particles, like coughing, sneezing or spitting. Inhaling a single bacterium from this can result in the infection.

doctors hospitalize patients that contain this disease to minimize the chances of spreading the disease.

order for skin test or blood test to detect any source of TB infections.

prevent outbreaks

conducting investigations

asking questions, especially in the
hospitals, to verify diagnosis, find common symptoms, patients, etc.

focus on the source, to implement control measures.

epidemiologists are usually called in hospitals to order an investigation if the public health is in risk from the outbreak.

limit spread of
diseases

hospitalizing and
isolating the patients

prevent the spread to
families, friends and
the general public

advising patients to visit
specific clinics if they have similar symptoms to the outbreak disease.

this helps to prevent the patient
from spreading the disease to other
patients that might have weak immune
systems.

providing immunizations
to the general public

prevent the spread
of diseases known to cause
epidemics

the Ebola virus, which has killed
almost 11 000 people.

hospitals take the extra step of controlling
and preventing the spread of the disease.

wearing PPE (personal protective equipment), such as gloves and goggles.

ensuring that patients are in
single patient rooms with private
bathrooms and closing doors.

monitor who enters the patients room to
ensure that the disease does not spread to
the public

making sure that the equipments used on the patients are being disposed of properly, or disinfected properly as the very touch of the bodily fluids can activate the disease in someone.

enforcing long term care facilities

seniors

the ageing population is expected to have the highest rate of mental illness, an increase of patients with dementia by 66% and an increase of cancer cases by 40%.

doctors and nurses are in high demand, so hospitals must enforce more facilities, and educate family members on independent care.

hospitals in the general community are not built for long term senior care. Since Alzheimer's is one of the most prominent diseases in seniors, they need more medical workers to treat them directly.

enforcing important hygienic rules

health codes in kitchens

prevent food borne illnesses

washing food during preparation

this can cause bacterium to grow and spread quickly.

washing your hands!

hospitals as the chances of
contracting an infectious
is more likely in a hospital.

providing hand sanitizes, advising to wear masks if it is highly contagious, washing your hands, wearing gloves, etc.

reduces the chance of others
contracting the disease

treatment

biomedical repair

hospitals provide surgery to help patients that require prosthesis, artificial organs, etc.

provide long term care for patients that require the organ transplant as there is a low supply for them. Doctors in the hospitals monitor these patients daily to ensure their organs are not at risk.

they enlist the patients under organ transplant waiting lists. In the meanwhile, nurses are mostly taking care of these patients in hospitals.

diagnosis

modern
technologies

BP machine

this can easily help with

low blood pressure in patients prone to hypotension

prevent symptoms such as
dizziness and fainting.

hospitals deal with hypotension patients by providing medication such as fludrocortisone. They also make sure that if medication is causing
the hypotension, they lower the dose. They
monitor your bodily fluids to make sure you're getting an adequate amount of food
and water to raise the blood pressure back to normal.

high blood pressure in patients prone to hypertension

prevent future complications
from occurring in patients with history of
stroke, heart attack or heart failure.

kidneys are also in risk
as they are over working to
decrease blood pressure,
filter the blood at a faster rate as a
mechanism to achieve homeostasis.

can result in complications with the kidney,
such as kidney failure.

hospitals deal with hypertension, with the detection help from BP machines, by providing immediate care. They provide the patient with labetalol to immediately decrease the high blood pressure through vasodilation.

can help lower arteriole pressure by 25% in minutes to hours.

ultrasounds

it as helped view the uterus, ovaries
during pregnancies to see the baby's and mothers health.

hospitals can provide these ultrasounds
or they recommend clinics that will
provide to detect any diseases

cancer

they cannot detect the difference
between benign and malignant cancers, they can still detect the early stages to prevent it from getting worse

can help doctors to treat the cancer or cysts before it progressively gets worse.

cysts

Artificial Technology

being used in hospitals

during surgery, where robotic technology
is used for precision to minimize mistakes.

help with the diagnosis
of patients at a faster and
efficient rate. This minimizes the
chance of misdiagnosis and unnecessary
costs of medication, treatment, long term care, etc.

MRI machines

various hospitals, in Ontario, provide
or they recommend clinics to attend.

help with detecting brain tumors,
injuries in the brain, infections in the brain,
spine or joints, diagnosing strokes in their earliest stages.

has helped with preventing any serious
damage, hospitalizations, excess money spent on surgeries, equipment and medication when they detect any conditions at an earlier stage.

blood sugar monitors

especially useful for seniors
in independent care or patients with diabetes

there are currently 1 in 3 Canadians
that deal with diabetes. This machine can detect diabetes early, to treat it before it progressively gets worse.

medical care workers will
consistently use this machine
to double check and make sure
appropriate diagnosis is made
and to constantly monitor the patient
for any changes.

patient care

implementing long term
care facilities

improve the quality of senior care

increasing the use

develop drugs for patients with rare or unknown diseases. It is also developed to meet high demands.

utilize their funding to help
develop drugs that will benefit patients

mainly focuses on cancer patients today. They currently provide equipment for the development of drugs and treatment on cancer patients

clinical trials.

OHIP may not cover some
of the funding's for these
trials as the drug development
itself is costly.

patients in the hospitals
have more availability to
these treatments and can
be constantly monitored by
medical care workers to
care for any symptoms or for
anything that goes wrong.

Biotechnology

DNA

treat cancer

cancer is a genetic disease and
each person has a unique combination
of genetic changes

certain basic treatments like radiation might not work on the patients due to how specific the genetic mutations can be.

tumor DNA sequencing caters to the patients genetic mutations, which can increase the chances of success

gene therapy

treatments are offered in Canadian hospitals however costs are very high and OHIP may not cover some of them.

medical caregivers are very helpful in
educating the patients in the
hospitals about the therapies
and providing them with the
treatment if they choose to
despite the low chances of
success.

in vivo gene therapy where genes are genetically engineered to target speciific cancer cells

this helps prevent the chance of healthy cells being damaged with the therapy. It has the benefit of having the ability to target and enter cancer cells.

patients have a risk of being sick due to this treatment, hospitals and medical care workers are constantly present to monitor these patients to prevent the symptoms from getting progressively worse.

the patients immunity might fight off the gene that is inserted in their body, preventing response to the treatment.

doctors provide immunosuppressants to the patients to increase their chances of success. But, taking the immunosuppressants increase the chances of infection and other illnesses

the patients that are taking these treatments remain in the hospital to be constantly monitored to prevent further infection. Hospitals play a very important role in maintaining symptoms and preventing the patient from getting worse.

GMO's

provide more
nutritional foods
to patients to
ensure they receive
their necessary
vitamins and minerals.

malnutrition is an issue that medical care givers focus on in hospitals.

help patients to receive their nutritional needs and produce energy to remain in homeostasis.

living cells and cell materials
to develop pharmaceutical and
diagnostic products.

hospitals provide services in clinical trials and to educate the patients in the hospitals about new therapeutic options.

patients will be put in clinical trials, monitored by medical care workers in hospitals to see the effectiveness of the new treatment.

create vaccines and other medications for highly infectious diseases such as AIDS, HIV and TB

recombinant DNA techniques

this helps with gene cloning. Gene cloning is used to synthesize protein materials for component vaccines.

made from fragments of protein (antigen) that has been isolated from viral DNA

will be highly beneficial to patients in hospitals that require vaccines to prevent the spread and chance of obtaining infectious diseases. Thanks to biomedical repair, vaccines have been made available in hospitals and to the general public.