Results in
Results in
Results in
Results in
Can cause
Can cause
Impact on Specific Sector
Example of Effect
Results in
Social Impact
Creates
Causes
Leads to
Causes
Agricultural Impact
Results in
Can be
Can be
Example
Can result in
Can cause
Leads to
Due to
Due to
An exampe of initiative
Many Indiengous peoples...
Consists of
Can result
Can lead to
Examples
Examples
Examples
Requires
Example of Educating Public
Requires
Following
can form laws like
Through the
can also include
works towards
Incorporating...
Must Consider
Examples
Example
Example
Example
Most Productive Industry in Canada
Example
Example of product
Sells...
Considers
Considers
Considers
Consists of
Can cause
Impacts on Different Markets
Causes
Results in
Can include
Should include
Requires
Example
Example
Example
Provincial Level/Standard
International Involvements
Example of Non-Timber Product
Sustainable Alternatives
Disputes over Environmental Efforts
Harvesting Timing is Reliant on Short Term Revenue Generation
Social Movements create new policies
Causing Factor
Causing Factor
Mental and Physical Health Connection
Correlated to
Biggest Market in Canada
Human Impact Correlation
Cultural Awareness
Can Impact Different Industries
Limited Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples
Forms of Awareness (Public)
Vulnerable/Most Suceptible Communities
Provincial Responsibilities

How can sustainable forestry management combat the impacts of the forestry industry in areas such as British Columbia?

Political Involvement

National Policies and Laws

Provincial government responsible for 77% of Canada's forests

Federal goverment responsible for 1.6% of forests

Reclemation Plans

Indigenous Rights and Sovereignty

2014 Supreme Court Ruling of Land Ownership for Tsilhqot’in

Preventing Infringement on Ancestral Lands

Legal Disputes over Land Rights

Increasing Job Opportunities for Indigenous Involvement

International Relations and Exportations

Export Driven Deforestation to Other Countries

Commodity Exports to Other Countries

Political Tensions in International Trade

Conflict Over Environmental Standards

Provincial Government Involvements

Environmental Coservation Efforts

Southern Ontario Greenbelt Conservation

Reforestation Efforts

Provincial Climate Plans

Economic Impacts

Optimal Harvest Timing

Maximum Sustainable Yield

Land Expectation Value

Net Present Value

Faustmann Rule

Wood and Land Market

Time Preference for Deforestation and Monetary Benefit

Forest Mining/Liquidation Forestry

Short Term Revenue Generation

High Discount Rates = Immediate Harvesting

Canada's "Button Mushroom"

Timber Forest Products

Softwood Lumber

Printing and Writing Paper

$35.7 Billion Industry Contribution (2017)

Most Productive and Highest Profit Sites = British Columbia

Non-timber Forest Products

Wild Rice

Berries

Maple Syrrup

$1 Profit Generation in 2010

Forest Harvesting Decisions

Stumpage Values

Opportunity Costs associated with Havresting Timing

Trade-offs Between Economic and Non-Economic Values

Solutions to Apply In British Columbia

Sustainable Forestry

The Conservation Fund

Working Forest Fund

Climate Change Mititgation

Community Engagement and Recreation

Government Policies

Set Reforestation Goals

Indigenous Forestry Management/Ideologies

Form Laws to Prevent Cultural Erasure

Education

Awareness

Incoporation into Educational Curriculums

Taking Accounability

Alternatives to Wood

Recycled Wood

Synthetic Alternatives

Bamboo (Plant Based Alternatives)

Societal Impact/Social Impacts

Indigenous Communities

Indigenous Forestry Management

40% of people involved in Forestry are Indigenous

70% of Canadian Indigenous Peoples are in forested areas

Hold Contracts, Operate Facilities, Provide Traditional Knowledge

Indigenous Forestry Initiative (NFI)

Human Health Risks

Increase in Air Pollution

Respiratory Diseases

Increase in Water Pollution

Chemical Runoff

Heavy Metal Contamination

Sedimentation

Social Movements and Advocacy

Global Youth Movements

Increased Media Awareness

Economic/Employment Disparities

Limited Job Security

Limited Job Opportunities For Indigenous Peoples

Environmental Impacts

Increase in Wildfires

Contaminaton of Water Systems

Harmful to Aquatic Species and Ecosystems

Harrmful for Human Consumption

Increased water treaetment costs

Reduced Agricultural Productivity

Reduction in Air Filteration

Increase in Droughts

Soil Degredation

Biodiversity Loss

Example: Reduction of 14 species of migratory water fowl

Reduction in Ecosystem Resilience

Loss of Medicinal Resources (from Plants)

Example: 4,000-6,0000 Rainforest Species go Extinct annually

Reduced Water Quality

78 Million Tonnes of wildfire CO2e in 2016 from British Columbia

Impact on Global Food System Disruption

Nutritional Quality Decline

Increase in Carbon Emissions

Ocean Acidification

Reduced Aquaculture Activity and Fishery Industry

Long-Term Irreversibility

Harm to Marine Life

Agriculture Industry

Increased Stress on Livestock

Pest and Disease Proliferation

Disruption of Growing Seasons

Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

Melting Polar Ice

Loss of Habitat for Polar Wildlife

Rising Sea Levels

Human Health Risks

Natural Disasters

Impacts on Mental Health and Well-Being

Loss of Natural Resources

Loss of Property (and Shelter for Humans)

Loss of Land

Loss of Cultural Heritage