How did colonial rule impact the change in the social structure of India?
Was the new structure a reason for Indian nationalism?

Village

Village republics- Charles Metcalfe

Simple unchangeable asiatic societies- Karl Marx

common land

peasants -leasers for generations

artisans, workmen- servants of village

absence of cash transactions

self sufficient system

Cities

mainly populated by aristocrats, artisans, knowledge, military classes

Classes mainly serve the upper classes and aristocracy

limited market since village is impenetrable

Economic

new land revenue system

new industries

jute, steel, cotton mills

rail transport system

Single currency

Administrative

New justice system

Criminal procedure code

Civil/criminal courts

Political

India councils act, 1861

representation of Indians in services

Cultural

modern english education

free of caste, gender considerations

modern press

Villages

Land becomes a commodity

sell, buy, collateral

New classes emerge

Zamindar

Absentee landlords

Proprietor peasants

new class of merchants

new class of money lenders

Village panchayats lose their legal control

Caste panchayats lose their legal control

Cities

new classes

modern bourgeoisie

industrialists

landlords

modern proletariate

working class (working in the new factories)

mainly impoverished peasants and artisans