Origin Of Life

Archaea (ex. Methanobrevibractor smitii)
-Ether bonds in cell membrane
-DNA as genetic storage
-Presence of histones

Eukarya
(Ursus americanus)
-Presence of membrane bound organelle
-Presence of membrane bound nucleus

Unikota

Amebozoa
*movement w/ pseudopodia
(Ex slime mold)

Opistokonta
single posterior flagellum on swimming cells
Opisthokonta
(Ex Black Bread mold and fungi)

Common ancestor of choanoflagellate and Animalia

Animalia
-multicellular
-mobility
-game tic life style

eumetazoa
•tissue

bilateria
bilateral symmetry
tripoblasty, cephalization

protostomia
spiral and determinate cleavage
bloastopore becomes mouth

lophotrochozoa
trochopore larvae
lohopore

Ancestor of annelids and mollusca

annelids body resembles a series of fused rings
(common earthworm)

mollusca ( soft bodied organisms with protective shell

gastropoda move in a small pace by a rippling like motion of their foot (golden apple snail)

cephalopoda foot becomes modified into a muscular excurrent siphon and part of the tentacle has no hard shell (humboltd squid)

bivalva shell is divided in two and are hinged together (soft shell clam)

platyhelminthes
flatworms

rhabditophorans fresh water and marine species

cestoda (pork tapeworm) parasites

trematoda (sheep liver fluke) parasites

free diving rhabditophorans (pseudobiceros sp.)

ecdyszoa
ecdysis

nematoda
roundworm

arthropods-
chesapeake blue crab and monarch butterfly

common ancestor of hexapoda and crustacea

hexapoda have wings and dont need to sacrifice legs (monarch butterfly)

crustacea highly specialisde apendiages two pair of antennae (cheaspeake blue crab

chelicerata clawlike feeding appendage that work as fangs or pincers (sothern black widow)

deutrostomia
-radial and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes the anus

common ancestor of echinodermata and hemichordata

echinodermata
water vascular system

asteroidea arms radiating from the centeral disc and have tube feet on the underside (giant sea star)

holothuroidea lack spines (california sea cucumber)

echinoidea has no arms (purple sea urchin)

ophiuroidea has flexible arms (serpent star)

chordata
notochord,
hollow dorsal nerve cord, post anal fin,pharyngeal slits

vertebrate
vertebral column
cranium cartilaginous skeleton

gnathostomes
jaws
bony skeleton

osteichthyes
lungs/lung derivatives

tetrapods
limbs with digits

amniotes
amniotic egg

reptilia

lapidosaurs (green anole)

turtles (green sea turtle)

crocodilians (american alligator)

birds
endothermy (roseata spoonbill)

mammalia
hair
milk
endothermy

american black bear

amphibia (red eye tree frog)

lung fishes (leopard lungfish)

lobe-finned fishes (coelacanth)

ray-finned fishes (blue tang)

agnathans (pacific hagfish)

cephalochordata lancelata (branchiostma lanceolatum)

cnidaria radiosymmetry and diploblasty

anthozoa occur only on polyps (elkhorn coral)

common ancestor of hydrozoa and scyphozoa

scyphozoa produce a medusa (jellies)

hydrozoa alternate between the polyp and medusa (pennaria disticha)

porifera
giant barrel sponge

Choanoflagellates

Common ancestor of fungi and Nuclearlids

Nuclearlids

Nuclearlid
(Nucleria thermophilia)

Fungi
Multicellular
Chitin cell wall
Zygote can life cycle

(Fly Agaric) Amanita muscarla

Black bread mold
(Rhizopus stolonifer)

Archaeplastida
*primary plastids
(Ex Southern Magnolia)

common ancestor of
chlorophytes, charophytes, and land plants

common ancestor of land plants
and charophytes

Land plants
-sporic life cycle
-embroyos
-apical meristem

liverwort

common liverwort

moss

wooly feather moss

Fan clubmoss

common ancestor of seedless vascular plants lignins
,xylem and pholem leaves,dominant sporophyte generation, thick waxy cuticle, and stomata

lycophytes

common ancestor of Monilophyte, gymosperms, and Angiosperms, Mehaphylis

monilophytes

Eastern Marsh Fern
(Thelypteris palustris)

Common Ancestor of seen plants seeds, pollen,wood,heterospory,ovules

Gymnosperm

Scots Pine
(Pinus sylvestris)

Bald cypress
(Taxodium distichum)

Angiosperm
flowers, fruits,Endosperm, ovaries

Southers Magnolia
(Magnolia grandiflora)

White Water Lily
(Nymphaea alba)

Green Algae

Charophyte

chlorophyte braun stonewart

chlorophytes

SAR Clade

Rhizaria
filose pseudopodia
(Ex Radiolarian)
(Ex Foraminiferas)

secondary plastids

Strameopila (Diatoms)
tripartite flagellar hair
(Ex macrocystic purifiers)

Alveolata
membranous vesicle on cell membrane
(Ex Dino flagellates)

Excavata
-feeding grove
-secondary plastids
(Ex Euglanosids)