Plant Reproduction

sexual

reproduce from seeds

parts of a flower

reproductive parts

stamen

male

anther

contains one or more pollen sacs that produce pollen grains

filament

a support to the anther

pistil

female

stigma

tip that recieve pollen grains

style

connects the stigma to the ovary

ovary

contains one or more ovules;develops into a fruit which protects the seeds inside

ovule

contains the egg nuceus;undevelop seed with a tiny egg inside

non-reproductive parts

petals

sepals

pollination

Pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma by wind or by animals

cross-pollination

self-pollination

fertilization

Fertilisation occurs when the pollen grain enters the ovary and fuses with an ovule to form a fertilised egg.Upon fertilization,the ovules inside the ovary develop into seeds and the ovary develops into a fruit.

seed dispersal

Seed dispersal is the scattering of seeds or fruits.It increases the chances of survival.

wind

seeds that can fly or glide

stiff wings

E.G.lime and sycamore seeds

thin wings

E.G.alsomitra and Tecoma seeds

feathery tails

Pulsatilla seeds

Subtopic

seeds that drift in the wind

daisy seeds have a flat disk of fine hair to produce a parachute

fruits have wing-like structures

E.G.angsana and shorea fruits

seeds that are released from their pods by the wind

poppy and evening primrose seeds need the wind to bend thier stalks to allow the seeds to fall out from thier pods

water

seeds are light and can float, some may have fluff that enhances buoyancy

E.G.willow and foxglove seeds

Fruits and seeds that have woody, waterproof coverings that help them float

E.G.coconut and pong pong fruit

animals

seeds with attractive, fleshy and juicy fruits scattered by humans animals

durians and mangoes have big, hard and inedible seeds that will be thrown away after the flesh is eaten

guavas and raspberrieshave small,hard seeds that are swallowed and passed out in droppings

seeds with clinging hooks or spines that stick onto the fur or feathers of animals and clothes or bags of humans

mimosa and lovegrass seeds

splitting

fruits split open with explosive action

E.G.rubber and balsam fruits

fruits split open, but without an explosive action

E.G.african tulip and kapok fruits

gravity

large,round and heavy fruits drop straight off the tree onto the ground when they are ripe

durian fruits

germination

Germination is a process whereby seeds grow into new plants under favourable conditions.

conditions for germination

air

water

warmth

asexual

reproduce by vegetative propagation

natural

leaf

E.G.begonia

sucker

E.G.banana

underground stem

bulb

E.G.onion

corm

E.G.water chestnut

Rhizome

E.G.ginger

tuber

E.G.potato

runner

E.G.strawberry

reproduce from spores

E.G.fern