Psych Final Terms

Motivation

Mindset

- how you view yourself
- fixed abilities: pessimistic, learned helplessness
- changeable abilities: you don't understand it yet

you "set" yourself up to succeed or fail

Self Actualization

r

Definition: top of Maslow's Hierarchy of Need, morality, creativity, spontaneity, things that set you apart from other peopleMnemonic: zation/nation- individuality in a nation full of people

Intrinsic motivation

Your interests based on internal rewards, motivates someones behavior to increase because it is rewarding intrinsically

Your interests based on internal rewards, motivates someones behavior to increase because it is rewarding intrinsically

inter- within

BioPsychology

Dopamine

-"feel good" neurotransmitter; control of movement and sensations of pleasure
- increase levels: Schizophrenia
- decrease levels: Parkinson's

Corpus Callosum

r

Definition: connects the two halves of the cerebral hemisphereMnemonic: corpse- cut in half

Toni Cotignola, Alanna Schwarz, Sarah Katz, Matt Maffa

Developmental Psychology

Personal Fable

there has never been anyone like me, egocentrism

Interaction with parents about how they haven’t been like you (son). “Dad I’m not you”

Scaffolding

teachers help students move to new levels of understanding with just a little bit of help; climb the "academic ladder"

scaffolding on a building- climb the building

Imaginary Audience

r

Definition: when you think everyone is watching youMnemonic: image- your self image is affectedPersonal Example: being self-conscious when you do something embarrassing

Object Permanence

achieved in the preoperational stage, playing peek-a-boo with a child. Seeing something, then it’s covered and you know its still there is when it’s achieved

"Perm" - supposed to be permanent curls but it’s not if you wash it out.

Conventional Moral Thinking

- focus is on what others, including your family, might think or what society’s law says about the matter
- double edged sword

"Convent" - cult, and other’s takes on it

Post-Conventional Moral Thinking

r

focus on respecting yourself and your principlesex. Politics, not letting other people change your opinion if it clashes with your own. Morals. mnumanic: Vent, getting your feelings out there.

pst

pst

Displacement

Displacement

when your angry about something and you yell at someone else that is not involved.

Doing poorly on a test and then getting mad at your friend later for something trivial. Meant, didn’t mean it when you yelled at them

Main topic

Social Psychology

Deindividuation

lessening of personal identity & responsibility; anonymity of crowd (riot)

Protester's mother pulls son from crowd

Protester's mother pulls son from crowd

Diffusion of Responsibility

r

Definition: someone is less likely to do something when there are more people aroundMnemonic: response- no one responds because they think someone else willPersonal Example: no one calls 911 because they assume someone else will

Fundamental Attribution Theory

r

Definition: you attribute other people's behavior to internal states, such as their personalityMnemonic: mental- it's about the person not the situationPersonal Example: when your friend is late, it's because they're always late and it's a part of their personality

Confirmation Bias

tendency to take information and interpret it in your favor

"firm" - firm in your own beliefs
gun control: only reading articles that support your beliefs

Cognitive Dissonance

when someone says one thing but they mean another, someone’s actions don’t reflect their personality

"Diss" - you feel dissed when they do something hypocritical

Social Loafing

When a person doesn't do their share of the work, causing a strong need for assigned roles.

Reciprocity

-responding to a positive action with another positive action
- you do something for me & I feel like I should do something for you

"city" - many people holding doors for each other

Social Identity

r

How you identify yourself in relations to other people, and based on this you join a group that you think is similar to you. This group defines your social identity, you choose these groups based on the knowledge you know about yourself and others.example: Gender Identity-boys what are into sports join a group of friends who are also interested in sports

Stereotype Vulnerability

r

Definition: categories we put people inMnemonic: Bill- has to play with cars because he's a boy Personal Example: a boy plays with cars but can't play with dolls

Learned Helplessness

r

Definition: convinced you cannot do something so you give upMnemonic: less- you think less of yourself because you cannot figure something outPersonal Example: I think I'm bad at math, so when I receive a test I don't try because I believe I'll fail anyway.

foot in the door

r

Asking for something small, then asking for something more after. Often times this will result in a person being more willing to do both favors.ex. Hey mom can I go to the mall?YesCan I Have 10 bucks to get food there?yes

Subtopic

Subtopic

Learning/Memory

Classical Conditioning

learning process that occurs when two stimuli (unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response) are paired together repeatedly

Pavlov’s Dogs

Token Economy

r

Definition: reinforcing a good behavior to a child by giving them a rewardMnemonic: nom, giving a child food/candy when they do something positive

Operant Conditioning

training through conditioning

r

video example: Pigeons playing ping pongpersonal example: Ant, train an ant to pick up the crumbs in your room.mn: operate conditions

Negative Reinforcement

r

Definition: taking away something people don't likeMnemonic: No give- don't give something when they do something rightPersonal Example: behaving in class and not getting homework that night

Taking away something to punish a behavior, or taking an action in order to stop a "punishment"

Variable Reinforcement

r

Definition: reinforced after an unpredictable number of behaviors, least effective way of getting someone to do something Mnemonic: refishing- instead of reinforcePersonal Example: fishing, keep going all day and never get a fish, but may randomly get a fish

Main topic

REDI

Retrieval Practice

trying to see what you actually remember when studying without looking at your notes

Trial, not having notes to go off of and having to know the situation

Distributed Practice

r

Definition: practicing in small bursts over a long amount of timeMnemonic: Tribute- you tribute a certain amount of time for a certain subject every dayPersonal Example: studying psych every night for a week for 20 minutes