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Tissue group

The Hierarchy of Organization in the Human body: Cells to Tissues to Organ Systems

The Digestive System

chemically and mechanically break down food

to gain nutrient molecules

the body's cells can use from absorption

the organs of the digestive system

The mouth

is where mechanical digestion starts by the chewing and biting from the teeth

saliva is released from the salivary glands, moistening food and helping bite and break down food

The esophagus

is where broken down food gets taken down towards the stomach

Peristalsis which is a series of muscle contractions that bring down the food

The Stomach

food starts to get chemically broken down

Hydrochloric acid and pepsin acidly burn down food

Hydrochloric acid is released from parietal cells

Pepsin is released from chief cells

The Intestines

taking broken down food and absorbing it for nutrients and solidifying its waste

Large intestine

reabsorbs water, salts,
and vitamins back into bloodstream

When the capillaries pick up the nutrients and deliver into the blood stream

small intestine

Absorbs nutrients from food

has 2 section

it reaches the duodenum

Bile is released from the gallbladder

enzymes are released from the pancreases

Villi in the duodenum absorb water at nutrients

vile is small hair-like things that line the inside of the small intestine

Fatty acids absorbed get picked up by the lymphatic vessels

Is the jejunum

also where villi pick up remaining nutrients

Ileum is a muscle tissue which pushes undigested foods remains into the large intestine

The intestines

The intestines

The anus/rectum

remaining food waste is compacted and released

poop/stool

Chemical: the breaking down of food by acids and enzymes

the hydrochloric acid in the stomach and intestines

Mechanical: literally breaking down food by chewing, biting, etc.

Digestive system

Digestive system

The Circulatory System

To move around nutrients and oxygen

cells and tissues

The organs of the circulatory system

Blood

Composed

Red Blood Cells

To carry oxygens to cells

White Blood Cells

Protect our bodies from bacteria which bring illnesses and disease

Bone Marrow

turn from general cells into specialized cells (WBC's)

Plasma

Transports blood cells and Co2 out

55% of the content of blood

90% water and other 10% is salt and enzymes

Platelets

Create blood clots

helps in stopping bleeding and heal injuries

Created in bone marrow where general cells become specialized into Platelets

Composition of blood

Composition of blood

The Heart

is a organ made up from grouping of tissues: cardiac muscle tissue,
nerve tissue, and connective tissue.

Pumping blood to ensure blood is circulating around the body

The Heart is divided into 4 Chambers

Left Atrium

Receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs

pumps blood into left ventricle

Left Ventricle

Pumps oxygenated blood
to aorta

Carries oxygenated blood
to all organs in the body

Right Ventricle

Pumps blood deoxygenated
into the pulmonary artery

Pulmonary artery pumps
blood to lungs

Right Atrium

Receiveas blood from the superior vena cava

pumps blood into the right ventricle

The superior Vena Cava brings deoxygenated blood back from the upper boyd and head

Inferior Vena Cava brings deoxygenated blood back from the lower body

Heart

Heart

Cardiac muscle tissue is responsible for making each part of the heart contract at the same time

The Nerve tissue is responsible for the actual contraction of the heart

The connective tissue gives the heart structure and unity

Vessels

a large network of tubing which carries blood around the body

Divided into 3 groups

Capillaries

Connect veins and arteries together through tissue

for waste product to be taken away from tissues

where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste

Made of a single tissue called endothelium making it very thin

Arteries

are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart

the high pressure of blood being carried away from the heart

Are thicker than the walls of other blood vessels to withstand those pressures

These vessels are made up of 3 tissues

Connective tissue

Smooth muscle

Endothelium

Artery

Artery

Veins

are responsible for carrying blood back
towards the heart

These vessels don't carry high pressure blood

they are not as thick as arteries

These vessels are made up of tissues similar to arteries

Connective tissue

Smooth muscle

Endothelium

Valve

are tissues in vessels which control blood flow and keep your blood flowing in one direction

The Respiratory System

For providing the body with the oxygen necessary to operate

removing the carbon dioxide

produced as your body uses energy for growth, repair, and movement

The organs of the respiratory system

The Nasal cavity

Cilia

hair follicles in your nose wich cathc onto debris coming into the nose

the space in the nose above where the nose and mouth connect

responsible for filtering air, and moistening it before it enters the lungs

where specialized cells reside which is why we are able to smell

olfactory sensory neurons

The Pharynx

The Throat

this is the path which takes air into lungs and food into the digestive system

Epiglottis

a flap of muscle tissue that covers the trachea

swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs

Trachea

The windpipe

Carries air to the bronchi

epithelium tissue

cilia cells, goblet cells, and basal cells

The bronchi

small tubes originating from the windpipes, that carry air into each lung

Bronchioles

carry air to alveoli

Alveoli

are a cluster of air sacs

surrounded by capillaries

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas by diffusion

Capillaries are surrounding those alveoli sacs to help get oxygen into bloodline

oxygen attaches to hemoglobin which is a protein in blood

thin tissue lining so it can diffuse quickly and more efficiently

the diaphragm

allowing us to inhale and exhale

being the muscle responsible for contraction

just below the lungs

Muscle and fibrous tissue

The lungs

move fresh air into the body while also removing waste gases

spongy tissue

Order of respiratory system

Order of respiratory system

Venn Diagram

Venn Diagram

Ven diagram

Ven diagram