due to H2O strong cohesion
Organic molecules of produces under early earth constions
side chain
side chain
side chain
side chain
3' to 5'
site of photophosphorylation
site of photosynthesis
thylakoid stacks
substance within the chloroplast
Photosynthetic pigments
component
component
Plant gap junctions
Central vacuole = plant cells
specialized metabolic functions
Intracellular support
movement
assist in cell division
breakdown
powerhouse of the cell
Animal vs Plant Cells
separate
forms
separation
pair of homologous chromosomes replicate
cytoplasm divides
Cells separate
Separation of chromosomes
Cromosomes separte
Microtubules extend and attach to kinetochore
Chromosomes condense
DNA replication
protein synthesis
cell growth
Cell division
Cell growth
Gamete cells
Somatic cells
copy of molecule
copy of organism
change sequence of nucleotides
Production of electron carrier
abundant NADPH present
Made up of monosaccharides
Components
macromolecule
macromolecule
create membrane
Due to high polarity
occurs in chloroplast
most similar to mitosis
site of transcription
Cell signaling
ER and Golgi modify protein
DNA replication occurs in S phase
Properties affect protein structure
plasma membrane composed of phospholipid bilayer
high surface tension means that the bonds between water molecules do not break easily and therefore have the ability to moderate temperature by absorbing or releasing large amounts of heat
alteration
lots of energy required to break hydrogen bonds
Microtubules part of the centrosome
site of light reaction
connect to kinetochore
Contains Ribosomes
Properties affect structure
Production of ATP
contain plasma membrane
site where respiration occurs
Hydrophobic phospholipids held together by hydrophobic interactions
Chemical groups help relate to molecular function
identical process of cell division
Lacks EM system
Helps regulate membrane fluidity
Due to H2O hydrogen bonds
more electronegative more polar
little NADPH present
site where replication occurs
properties affect protein structure
occurs in cytoplasm
Side chain properties affect protein structure
specified gene therapy
alteration
occurs in mithcondria
contain cell wall
Involved in recombinant gene therapy
protein synthesis is result of translation
Ribosome function
used in replication
starts with diploid
alteration
Component of Plant cell wall

The Molecules of Life
-Alexis and Sophia Concept Map

r

Marcomolecules:

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Glucose

Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis

Calvin Cycle

electron transport chain

Photosynthesis

light reaction

non-cyclic electron flow

NADPH

Dark reacction

Calvin Cycle

Cyclic electron flow

ATP

Polysaccharides

Cellulose

Peptidoglycan

Lipids

Phospholipids

Steroids

Cholesterol

Nucleic Acids

DNA

Meselson and Stahl Experiment

Griffith's Experiment

Chargaff's Rule

Mutations

Silent Mutation

Frameshift Mutation

Missense Mutation

Nonsense Mutation

Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Dolly

Molecular Cloning

Recombinant Gene Therapy

bacterial cells

plasmid

Cell Cycle

Mitosis

Interphase

G1

G2

S Phase

Sister cromatids

M Phase

Prophase

Prometaphase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Cytokinesis

diploid cells

2 daughter cells

Meiosis

Meiosis I

Interphase

Homologous chromosomes

haploid cells

crossing over

Meiosis II

sister chromatids

4 daughter cells

RNA

Transcription

Transcription factors

promotor

terminator

RNA Polymerase II

Eukaryotes

Membrane bound organelles

Nucleus

Nuclear Envelope

Nucleolus

Endomembrane system

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Lysosome

Centrosomes

Flagellum

Cytoskeleton

Microfilaments

Intermediate Filaments

Microtubules

Peroxisomes

Plasma Membrane

Phospholipid bilayer

Amphipathic

Hydrophobic

Hydrophilic

Vacuole

Plasmodesmada

Chloroplasts

Chlorophyll

Stomata

Granum

Thylakoid

thylakoid membrane

Cell wall

cytoplasm

RNA Polymerase

Prokaryotes

Nonmembrane bound organelles

Ribosomes

Translation

Codon

Anticodon

Start codon

Stop codon

tRNA

aminoacyl tRNA synthase

peptidyl transferase

5' to 3'

RNA Processing

Gene splicing

Pre mRNA

5' cap

3' tail

spliceosome

Nucleotides

Polynucleotides

DNA Replication

DNA Polymerase II

DNA Polymerase III

SSB

Helicase

Ligase

Primase

Topoisomerase

ORI

Replication Bubble

Okazaki Fragnements

Replication Fork

Leading Strand

RNA Primer

Proteins

Protein Structure

Protein Modification

Amino acids

Nonpolar side chain(hydrophobic)

Polar side chain(hydrophilic)

Acidic

Basic

Peptide bonds

Large biological molecules composed of Organic molecules (CHONSP)

Chemical bonds hold atoms together

electron configuration

Valence electrons

Electronegativity

Ionic Bonds
- transfer of electrons

Inorganic Molecules

Covalent Bonds
- sharing of electrons

Polarity = results from differing electronegativities

Polar

Hydrogen Bonds = intermolecular forces that occur between Hydrogen and Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine

Water and its Properties

Cohesion

Adhesion

Surface Tension

Moderation of Temperature

Evaporative cooling

High Heat of Vaporization

Expansion upon freezing

Versatility as a solvent

Polar Covalent Bonds
- unequal SHARING of electrons

Nonpolar

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
- equal SHARING of electrons

Van Der Waal Interactions

Hydrophobic interactions

Chemical groups

Hydroxyl (-OH)

Carboxyl (-COOH)

Carbonyl (>C=O)

Amino group (-NH2)

Sulfhydroxyl group (-SH)

Phosphate group (-OPO3^2-)

Methyl group (NONPOLAR)

Miller Urey Experiment

Floating topic

Floating topic