Three Ways to Categorize Language Learning Strategies
Oxford (1990) - Strategy for Language Learning
Direct
Memory Strategies
Creating Mental Linkages
Applying images and sounds
Reviewing Well
Employing Action
Cognitive Strategies
Practising
Receiving and sending messages strategies
Analysing and reasoning
Creating structure for input and output
Compensation Strategies
Guessing intelligently
Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing
Indirect
Metacognitive
Centering your learning
arranging and planning your learning
evaluating your learning
Affective
lowering your anxiety
encouraging yourself
taking your emotional temperature
Social
asking questions
cooperating with others
empathising with others
O'Malley's (1985) Classification of Language Learning Strategies
Metacognitive
Cognitive
Socioaffective
Rubin's (1987) Classification of Language Learning Strategies
Learning Strategies
Cognitive Learning Strategies
Clarification/Verification
Guessing/Inductive Inferencing
Deductive Reasoning
Practice
Memorization
Monitoring
MetaCognitive Learning Strategies
Planning
Prioritising
Setting goals
Self-management
Communication Strategies
Social Strategies