Ulster (and other Irish) Plantations

Backround

Hugh o'Neil

Earl of Tyrone

Trains and arms an army of his own tenants

Bought weapons as far away as Poland

Prepares for war with the other local tribes

Elizabeth starts bringing troops and officials to control areas from castles in Ulster

Appoints a Lord President to take Charge of all of Ulster

Attacked by O'Donnell and Maguire

O'Neil comes together with the others to begin the 9 year war

9 year war

Ulster rebbeled against England

Battle of Clontibret 1594

Battle of Yellow ford 1598

After initial failures she appoints Lord Mountjoy who has 17,000 troops

Battle of Kinsale 1601

Phillip II (King of Spain) sends troops to Kinsale instead of the North

O'Neil and O'Donnell march to help them but loses to Lord Mountjoy

This marked the final defeat for the power of the Gaelic families in Ireland

O'Donnell is poisoned in Spain

Scorched Earth Policy adopted

Burns crops, houses and kills animals

Treaty of Melifont 1603

Brings 9 year war to end

James I imposes the Plantation of Ulster after the flight of the Earls 1607 (All Gaelic Leaders left Ulster)

Conflicts based on Identity

1641

Native Irish attacked planters in a rebilling

12000 planters killed

Cromwell plantations

after 1641 massacre Cromwell sailed to Ireland in 1649

Made most of Irish land go under Protestant landowners

Last to fall was Ross castle

He introduced The Penal Laws and Protestant Ascendancy

William of Orange And King James II

William ousted Catholic King James out of England

He fled to France

Went to Ireland to raise a rebillion with 6000 French troops

Siege of Londonderry 1688-89

James II wanted to take the city but 13 apprentice boys locked the gates and Cried out "No Surrender"

Lasted 105 days until the British navy broke the defensive boom and forced James II to retreat

Battle of the Boyne1690

William faced of against James on the edge of the Boyne

William was hit in the shoulder with a cannon shrapnel

William tricked James to believe that most of his troops were in the south

James brought 2/3 of his troops to fight them

the other 1/3 were caught off guard by the bulk of Williams forces and forced to retreat to Dublin

James fled back to France and died soon after

William of Orange creates the Orange Order 1795

Descendants of Ulster Unionists regard as themselves British

Religious Tension

Belfast riots 1866

Northern Ireland established/Belfast riots 1920

The troubles begin1968

People who wanted Ireland to be free were called nationalists

People who wants to stay with Britain were called Unionists

Feature of town life

denser population

center of trade goverment

No farming

Greater variety of jobs and trades

Ireland in 1500s

Dermot Mac Murrough is the King of Leinster

Rory Ó Connor is the High king of Ireland

Mac Murrough lost against him

He goes to England to see Strongbow

He says that if he helps him hell become the King Of leinster

Henry VII had control over the Pale (Area surrounding Dublin)

In the pale they

Spoke English

followed English Law

tilted to their land

Ireland had their own Kings for every territory (Tuath)

His plan to Conquer Ireland was Surrender and regrant

All Irish Chieftains have to give their land to the King but got it back

If a rebellion happens the King gets the Land

He offers protection from neighboring tribes

He took troops when he needed them

The policy failed

Henry Left Ireland

Ireland did not accept the Primogeniture completly

Kept Catholic and the Brehon Law

What were the Irish Plantations

Plantations was the policy of Removing the Irish people from their lands and replaced them with loyal English settlers

The settlers would rent these lands for the Crown

2 Plantations Happened before the Ulster plantations

Laois/Offaly

Mary I took over Laois/Offaly due to the Irish Clans O'Connor and O'Moore attacking the Pale and demanding Black Rent

It failed completely

Munster

Queen Elizabeth I tries to take Munster from a Catholic Anglo-Norman, Gerald the 15th Earl of Desmond (who controlled from Dingle to Waterford)

He fights the Ormands, who're loyal to Elizabeth

He was put in the tower of London and his nephew rebelled against this

Papal forces were brought in but were wiped out

Thousands died being killed in battle, abroad or by famine

England took Munster and divided it into 35 large plantations

Plantation failed but not completely

Plantation Of Ulster

6 counties that were planted

Fermanagh

Donegal

Derry

Tyrone

Cavan

Armagh

private plantations

Antrim

Down

3 people who got acres land

Undertakers

Scottish or English settlers

paid 6 euro Rent for 1000 acres

Had to build a Bawn and a stone Castle

Only allowed to take British and Scottish tenants

Most brought Irish tenants due to the lack of people coming over

Servitors

army officers who had worked in Ireland

10 euro for a thousand acres

Had to build a bawn and a stone house

allowed Irish tenants

Loyal Irish

Irish who fought for the King that are allowed to keep their land

12.50 euro for 1000 acres

had to build a bawn

Derry

Londonderry and Coleraine built

Walls of Derry

Planned town

Gridiron street pattern

Central square

Diamond

Irish lived outside wall of Derry on the bogside

Irish outlaws who attacked the plantations were called tories

Each trade of the London Trade Guild had an area of land

Success/Impact

English law, language and farming methods introduced

Loyal population`

120000 immigrants came from 1641-1698

Gaelic culture declined

Church of Ireland was the official church

all catholic property belonged to the Church of Ireland

got 20 percent of Lands

Trinity college got 3 percent

Land was drained

forests were chopped down

Barley, wheat, oats and flax were planted

Most of the native Irish Population were dispossessed

Neither could they get high ranking jobs

They either became outlaws, emigrated or paid high taxes

tithe was introduced so that 10 percent of your income went to the Anglican Church

Housing

stone houses

Slate roofs

Windows

Chimneys

Irish lived in mud cabins

Ulster becomes the richest province after being the poorest

Roads built

Irish culture

Completely diminished

Gaelic Chieftains were 5he patrons of Irish culture

Native Irish became farm labourers

Segrgation

Catholics and Protestants separated

Protestants developed a fear of Massacre

Towns established

Early Christian Ireland

Clonmacnaoise

Cashel

Cork

Kells

Vikings

Dublin

Cork

Waterford

Wexford

Wicklow

Limerick

Anglo-Normans

Kilkenny

Trim

Athenry

Fethard

Plantation towns

Munster

Killarney

Bandon

Ulster

Omagh

Derry/Londonderry

Donegal town

18th Century estate/new towns

Abbeyleix

Birr

Kenmare

Middleton

Westport

Mitchelstown

Prospers