Vowels Sounds
Long vowels
Long vowels are usually (but not always) indicated by a second (silent) vowel in the same syllable:sheep,bait,heat,loaf,like,mice,tune,peace,juice,hoe,leave, jay,slow,pony.(Sometimes "y" and "w" can function as a second vowel.)
ARTICULATION
Articulator
Air stream
MONOPHTHONGS
Sound of a single vowel.
Diphtongs
Are two vowels produced consecutively in the same syllable by moving articulators smothly form the position of one to the other.
CARDINAL VOWELS
For reference in points in terms of articulatoriy limits. This limit depends of the tongue position and its height.
Short Vowels
Short vowels usually stand alone within a syllable and are often followed by "double"consonants:ran,jet,cup,doll,kiss,tick,lamb,witch,fast,hint,punch.