13 Categories of Disability

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13 Categories of Disability

Visual Impairment

https://www.naset.org/index.php?id=visualimpairments2

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in the 2015-16 school year, about 27,000 students in the US had a visual impairment

Organize classroom for students to maneuver around classroom safely, provide opportunities for students to learn using other senses more often than not: touch and hearing.

A visual impairment that negatively impacts a student's educational performance. Include both partial sight and total blindness

Traumatic Brain Injury

https://www.biausa.org/brain-injury

According to the CDC, around 62,000 children a year in the US sustain brain injuries.

Give students extra time to finish tests and assignments, keep directions simple and direct

Any functional disability or psychological impairment due to a brain injury that may impact a student's educational performance. Can impair cognition, attention, memory, motor abilities, psychosocial behavior, speech, etc. Does not include brain injury due to birth defects or genetics.

Speech or Language Impairment

http://www.projectidealonline.org/v/speech-language-impairments/

The National Institutes of Health found in 2016 that 1 in 12 children aged 3-17 in the US had an impairment due to speech or language.

Allowing students to communicate at their pace and in their own way without rushing or belittling

Can include any of the following: communication disorder such as stuttering, difficulty pronouncing certain sounds, difficulty speaking specific to voice impairment due to injury of throat or mouth.

Specific Learning Disability

https://www.ncld.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/2014-State-of-LD.pdf

The National Center for Learning Disabilities reported that 2.4 million students in the US in 2011 had a specific learning disability

The teacher presents information in differentiated ways to help focus on a students strengths and to help the student with work through their impairment

Impairments due to psychological process that impact the ability to read, write, listen, speak, or perform math. Does not include impairments due to visual, hearing, or physical disabilities.

Other Health Impairment

https://www.naset.org/index.php?id=2278

The US department of Education reported in 2004 that 449,093 students in the US were classified under Other Health Impairment

Communication with the student, student's parents, and school nurse should be simple and direct so that the student gets the resources needed to function in the classroom

those that have limited abilities in strength and/or reaction to what happens in an educational setting because of health issues including but not limited to ADHD, diabetes, epilepsy, heart condition Tourette syndrome, etc. that may negatively impact the child’s academic abilities

Orthopedic Impairment

https://www.naset.org/index.php?id=orthopedicimpairment2

The National Center for Educational Statistics suggests 65,000 students in the US in 2011 received services for orthopedic impairment

Organize environment for student to gain easy access to and around the classroom. In a physical education setting: adapting the activity according to their needs and physical abilities.

Physical impairments due to birth defects, disease, or injury. Include, but not limited to: amputations, burns, bone fractures, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy etc.

Multiple Disabilities

https://www.parentcenterhub.org/disability-landing/

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in the 2015-16 school year, about 131,000 students had multiple disabilities

Strategies in each category work in this instance.

Students whose needs are categorized under multiple categories of impairment. Can be any combination of the other categories under IDEA when the student is disabled in more than one category

Hearing Impairment

https://www.mydeafchild.org/resources

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in the 2015-16 school year, about 75,000 students in the US had some sort of hearing impairment

Integration of visual learning and use of American Sign Language when necessary

Hearing impairments that can result in some or total loss of hearing

Emotional Disturbance

https://www.parentcenterhub.org/emotionaldisturbance/#ref8

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in the 2015-16 school year, about 347,000 students in the US were categorized in the emotional disturbance category

Working with psychological professionals to help students and teachers better understand the struggles of those within this category

generally those health issues that are deemed mental health issues like anxiety, depression, eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder , etc. when the condition impacts educational performance or psychosocial behavior

Intellectual disabilities

https://www.specialolympics.org/about/intellectual-disabilities/what-is-intellectual-disability

According to the Special Olympics, about 6.5 million people in the US have an intellectual disability

Organizing tasks into small steps, allowing for a self-determined pace and frequent opportunities for breaks

A lower than average level of intellectual functioning while also failing to show adaptive behavior. Can include Down Syndrome and Fragile X syndrome. An IQ below the range of 70-75.

Deaf-blindness

https://nationaldb.org/

The National Center on Deaf-Blindness estimated in 2008 that there were over 10,000 children between birth and 22 in the US with deaf-blindness

Touch is the most effective way of communication and learning for these individuals, for those that have some vision and ASL can be used for communication, for those with little to no vision: braille books and writings. Strategies all depend on each student's needs and abilities within the realm of their hearing or sight.

Both hearing and vision disability, severe communication breakdown due to both senses impaired that their needs cannot be met by resources just for the blind or just for the deaf, ranges from those that have a small amount of impairment in both to complete loss of both hearing and vision.

Developmental delay

https://www.parentcenterhub.org/dd/

Organizing the classroom environment according to the students specific needs

Students with a delay in physical development, cognitive development, communication development, social or emotional development, or adaptive development

Autism

Resource

https://www.autismspeaks.org/

Prevalence of Diagnosis

In 2018, the CDC updated to 1 in 59 children in US are on the autism spectrum

Classroom Strategies

Give directions one step at a time, communicate in simple and direct language, adjust lessons to pique student's certain interests

Characteristics

Lowered ability to non-verbally and verbally communicate, resistance to change or change in routine, unusual responses to sensory stimuli, lack of social interaction, difficulty following directions, heavy focus on one particular topic, disruptive behavior.