Biological Evolution

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CHAPTER 3

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Biological Evolution

Darwanian Evolution

What Darwin didn't know

What is the ultimate source of variation?

Clarifing his misunderstandings

Science & religion are 2 different things

Religion deals with beliefs beyond natural world

Science-natural causes explain phenomenon

Its both observable and testable

Genetic mutation

Artificial selection

Study of living species

Fossil record

There must be specific conditions for fossilization

Evolutionary theory is the way life changes after its origin

What is better under one condition may not be under another

Darwin's misunderstandings

Evolution and religion are incompatible

Evolution is not science because its not obsevable or testable

Evolutionary theory is false because the fossil record is incomplete

Evolutionary theory is about the origin of life

Evolution is a ladder process with organisms constantly getting better

Humans evovled from Apes

Evidence for evolution

Individuals variations will be favoured by sets of circumstance & give rise to varieties in succesive generations

If changes occur in physical environment, changes will transmit features that are advantageous

When environment reaches a large capacity,forces of struggle for existence between & within species

If Humans could breed over a period of time ,what changes would occur in nature over millions of years

Artificial selection had a marked effect on the form of domesticated plants and animals

Darwin's finches

Varied in beak sizes on different parts of the island

Found on Galapogos Islands

Charles Darwin

Presented theory of evolution

Species arose from a common descendent as a result of divergence

Other important questions and concepts

Evolution versus survival of the fittest

Survival of fittest a mechanism that drives evolutionary change

Darwin's theory as an exampe of scientific method

Published his results in his book "Origins of life"

Formulated a theory that can be falsified

Tested his hypthesis by breeding & comparing data

Hypothesized

Common ancestor

He observed for 5 years

Isn't evolution just a theory that remains unproven

Haven't been proven wrong yet

Withstood the test of time & thousands of scientific experiments

How religion creationist & advocates tackle evolution?

How modern evolutionary biology fits Darwin's work?

Uniformity in genetic code is evidence for Darwin's theory

Changes in base sequence of DNA underlies new traits

Discovery of structure of DNA extended evolution

All variations arose through mutations in genes

Scientific advances supported, refined,expanded his work

Keywords

Principle of divergence

Ladder of progress

Organisms are always getting better

Mutation

Permenant change in genetic material

Fossil

Evidence of ancient life

Natural selection

New species is brought into existence by

Excess of procreation over the number the environment can support

Variation naturally occuring within species

Competition between & within species

Changes in the environment

Artificial Selection

Selective breeding

Species

Group of related interbreeding organisms