Kategorier: Alla - symptoms - infection - resistance - agents

av Kashayna Alanis för 10 årar sedan

206

Ch 30 - Infection Prevention and Management

The text delves into the critical aspects of infection prevention and management, highlighting factors that affect an individual's natural resistance to infection. It identifies compromised hosts and several contributing factors, such as stress, hyperglycemia, drug therapy, invasive devices, immune system dysfunction, inadequate nutrition, and coexisting medical problems.

Ch 30 - Infection Prevention and Management

Ch 30 - Infection Prevention and Management

Factors Effecting Normal Resistance to Infection

Compromised Hosts
Drug Therapy
Coexisting Medical Problems
Immune System Dysfunction
Stress and Hyperglycemia
Inadequate Nutrition
Stasis of Body Fluids
Invasive Devices
Breaks in Skin and Mucus Membranes
Infectious Agents
Fungi
Viruses
Bacteria
Parasites

Altered Resistance to Infection

Manifestations of Infection
Fever - considered a sign of infection

Phases of

Early signs include: Malaise, listlessness, uneasiness, weakness, muscle of joint discomfort, headache, or anorexia
Progress of Infection
Communicable Disease - the causative agent of the disease is transmissible between one person to another
Communicable Period

Convalescent Period

Acute Phase of Illness

Prodromal Period

Incubation Period

Type of infection
Sepsis

Early symptoms are referred to as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

Health-Care Associated Infections (AKA Nosocomial Infections)
Acute VS Chronic
Local VS Systemic (bacteremia)

Normal Resistance to Infection

Specific acquired defenses
Passive Immunity
Active immunity

Vaccination

Humoral Immunity - B lymphocytes produce antibodies
Antigens - foreign particles, such as microbes, that enter a host
Memory of the organisms produces lasting immunity
Cellular immunity (T lymphocytes elaborate killer cells and helper cells)
Nonspecific natural defenses
Fever

Elevated body temperature (greater than 101F or 38.2C)

WBC function

Normal WBC is 5,000 to 10,000, above this range is indicative of infection

Leukocytes - AKA White blood cells

Two categories

Agranulocytes - mononuclear cells that lack digestive enzymes

Granulocytes - polymorphonuclear cells that contain granules of digestive enzymes

Inflammatory Response

H I P E R

H - Heat,

I - Induration (hardening)

P - Pain

E - Edema (swelling)

R - Redness

Attempts to limit injury's extent

Anatomic, Mechanical, & Chemical Barriers

Microorganisms that live on the body surfaces are referred to as normal flora.

Interferon - a nonspecific chemical inhibitor that is secreted by body cells in response to viral invasion

Chemical - acidity of skin and vagina, bactericidal enzymes of saliva, mucus, tears and sweat

Mechanical - intact skin and mucus membranes

Individual Factors

immunization history

Good Nutritional status

Good Hygiene practices

Heredity